Cephalic disorder: Difference between revisions
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{{SI}} | |||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} | |||
{{DiseaseDisorder infobox | | {{DiseaseDisorder infobox | | ||
Name = Cephalic disorder | | Name = Cephalic disorder | | ||
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ICD9 = {{ICD9|740}}-{{ICD9|742}} | | ICD9 = {{ICD9|740}}-{{ICD9|742}} | | ||
}} | }} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
'''Cephalic disorders''' (from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''κεφάλη'', meaning "head") are [[Congenital disorder|congenital]] conditions that stem from damage to, or abnormal development of, the budding [[nervous system]]. Cephalic is a term that means "[[head (anatomy)|head]]" or "head end of the body." | '''Cephalic disorders''' (from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''κεφάλη'', meaning "head") are [[Congenital disorder|congenital]] conditions that stem from damage to, or abnormal development of, the budding [[nervous system]]. Cephalic is a term that means "[[head (anatomy)|head]]" or "head end of the body." | ||
== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
==Classification== | |||
===More common cephalic disorders=== | |||
==More common cephalic disorders== | |||
Where known, the [[ICD|ICD-10]] code is listed below. | Where known, the [[ICD|ICD-10]] code is listed below. | ||
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* [[Schizencephaly]] (Q04.6) | * [[Schizencephaly]] (Q04.6) | ||
==Less common cephalies== | ===Less common cephalies=== | ||
* [[Acephaly (medicine)|Acephaly]] (Q00.0) | * [[Acephaly (medicine)|Acephaly]] (Q00.0) | ||
* [[Exencephaly]] (ICD10 unknown) | * [[Exencephaly]] (ICD10 unknown) | ||
| Line 44: | Line 42: | ||
**[[Scaphocephaly]] (ICD10 unknown) | **[[Scaphocephaly]] (ICD10 unknown) | ||
**[[Trigonocephaly]] (Q75.0) | **[[Trigonocephaly]] (Q75.0) | ||
==Pathophysiology== | |||
Cephalic disorders are not necessarily caused by a single factor, but may be influenced by [[heredity|hereditary]] or [[genetics|genetic]] conditions, [[nutrition]]al deficiencies, or by environmental exposures during [[pregnancy]], such as [[medication]] taken by the mother, maternal infection, or exposure to [[radiation]] (such disorders are more common in areas of the former [[Soviet Union]] affected by nuclear waste disposal problems, such as the area around the [[Mayak]] plant in [[Chelyabinsk]], [[Russia]].) Some cephalic disorders occur when the cranial sutures (the fibrous joints that connect the [[bone]]s of the [[skull]]) join prematurely. Most cephalic disorders are caused by a disturbance that occurs very early in the development of the [[fetus|fetal]] nervous system. | |||
The human nervous system develops from a small, specialized plate of [[cell (biology)|cells]] on the surface of the [[embryo]]. Early in development, this plate of cells forms the neural tube, a narrow sheath that closes between the third and fourth weeks of [[pregnancy]] to form the brain and [[spinal cord]] of the embryo. Four main processes are responsible for the development of the nervous system: cell proliferation, the process in which [[nerve]] cells divide to form new generations of cells; cell migration, the process in which nerve cells move from their place of origin to the place where they will remain for life; cell differentiation, the process during which cells acquire individual characteristics; and cell death, a natural process in which cells die. | |||
Damage to the developing nervous system is a major cause of chronic, disabling disorders and, sometimes, death in infants, children, and even adults. The degree to which damage to the developing nervous system harms the mind and body varies enormously. Many [[disability|disabilities]] are mild enough to allow those afflicted to eventually function independently in society. Others are not. Some infants, children, and adults die, others remain totally disabled, and an even larger population is partially disabled, functioning well below normal capacity throughout life. | |||
==Causes== | |||
==Differentiating {{PAGENAME}} from Other Diseases== | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | |||
==Risk Factors== | |||
==Screening== | |||
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
===Diagnostic Criteria=== | |||
===History and Symptoms=== | |||
===Physical Examination=== | |||
===Laboratory Findings=== | |||
===Imaging Findings=== | |||
===Other Diagnostic Studies=== | |||
==Treatment== | |||
===Medical Therapy=== | |||
===Surgery=== | |||
===Prevention=== | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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*[http://craniofacial.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/pos_plagi.asp Positional Plagiocephaly information] from Seattle Children's Hospital Craniofacial Center | *[http://craniofacial.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/pos_plagi.asp Positional Plagiocephaly information] from Seattle Children's Hospital Craniofacial Center | ||
*[http://www.jpgmonline.com/article.asp?issn=0022-3859;year=2003;volume=49;issue=2;spage=173;epage=4;aulast=Thomas Holoprosencephaly] Article from Journal of Postgraduate Medicine | *[http://www.jpgmonline.com/article.asp?issn=0022-3859;year=2003;volume=49;issue=2;spage=173;epage=4;aulast=Thomas Holoprosencephaly] Article from Journal of Postgraduate Medicine | ||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
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''Portions of this article were based on the page: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/cephalic_disorders/detail_cephalic_disorders.htm at the [[National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke]]'s [[public domain resource]].'' | ''Portions of this article were based on the page: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/cephalic_disorders/detail_cephalic_disorders.htm at the [[National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke]]'s [[public domain resource]].'' | ||
[[Category: | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Neurology]] | |||
[[ca:Trastorns encefàlics]] | [[ca:Trastorns encefàlics]] | ||
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[[nl:Anencefalie]] | [[nl:Anencefalie]] | ||
[[pt:Más-formações cefálicas congênitas]] | [[pt:Más-formações cefálicas congênitas]] | ||
{{ | |||
{{WS}} | |||
{{WH}} | |||
Latest revision as of 17:02, 2 August 2016
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Ongoing Trials on Cephalic disorder at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Cephalic disorder Clinical Trials on Cephalic disorder at Google
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Patient resources on Cephalic disorder Discussion groups on Cephalic disorder Patient Handouts on Cephalic disorder Directions to Hospitals Treating Cephalic disorder Risk calculators and risk factors for Cephalic disorder
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox
Overview
Cephalic disorders (from the Greek word κεφάλη, meaning "head") are congenital conditions that stem from damage to, or abnormal development of, the budding nervous system. Cephalic is a term that means "head" or "head end of the body."
Historical Perspective
Classification
More common cephalic disorders
Where known, the ICD-10 code is listed below.
- Anencephaly (Q00.0)
- Colpocephaly (ICD10 unknown)
- Holoprosencephaly (Q04.2)
- Ethmocephaly (ICD10 unknown)
- Hydranencephaly (Q04.3)
- Iniencephaly (Q00.2)
- Lissencephaly (Q04.3)
- Megalencephaly (Q04.5)
- Microcephaly (Q02)
- Porencephaly (Q04.6)
- Schizencephaly (Q04.6)
Less common cephalies
- Acephaly (Q00.0)
- Exencephaly (ICD10 unknown)
- Macrocephaly (Q75.3)
- Micrencephaly (Q02)
- Otocephaly (Q18.2)
- Craniostenosis (ICD10 unknown)
- Brachycephaly (ICD10 unknown)
- Oxycephaly (Q75.0)
- Plagiocephaly (Q67.3
- Scaphocephaly (ICD10 unknown)
- Trigonocephaly (Q75.0)
Pathophysiology
Cephalic disorders are not necessarily caused by a single factor, but may be influenced by hereditary or genetic conditions, nutritional deficiencies, or by environmental exposures during pregnancy, such as medication taken by the mother, maternal infection, or exposure to radiation (such disorders are more common in areas of the former Soviet Union affected by nuclear waste disposal problems, such as the area around the Mayak plant in Chelyabinsk, Russia.) Some cephalic disorders occur when the cranial sutures (the fibrous joints that connect the bones of the skull) join prematurely. Most cephalic disorders are caused by a disturbance that occurs very early in the development of the fetal nervous system.
The human nervous system develops from a small, specialized plate of cells on the surface of the embryo. Early in development, this plate of cells forms the neural tube, a narrow sheath that closes between the third and fourth weeks of pregnancy to form the brain and spinal cord of the embryo. Four main processes are responsible for the development of the nervous system: cell proliferation, the process in which nerve cells divide to form new generations of cells; cell migration, the process in which nerve cells move from their place of origin to the place where they will remain for life; cell differentiation, the process during which cells acquire individual characteristics; and cell death, a natural process in which cells die.
Damage to the developing nervous system is a major cause of chronic, disabling disorders and, sometimes, death in infants, children, and even adults. The degree to which damage to the developing nervous system harms the mind and body varies enormously. Many disabilities are mild enough to allow those afflicted to eventually function independently in society. Others are not. Some infants, children, and adults die, others remain totally disabled, and an even larger population is partially disabled, functioning well below normal capacity throughout life.
Causes
Differentiating Cephalic disorder from Other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Prevention
See also
External links
- Positional Plagiocephaly information from Seattle Children's Hospital Craniofacial Center
- Holoprosencephaly Article from Journal of Postgraduate Medicine
Sources
Portions of this article were based on the page: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/cephalic_disorders/detail_cephalic_disorders.htm at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke's public domain resource.