Carcinoma of the penis staging: Difference between revisions

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{{Carcinoma of the penis}}
{{Carcinoma of the penis}}


'''Editor(s)-in-Chief:''' [[C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.]] [mailto:charlesmichaelgibson@gmail.com] Phone:617-632-7753; Joel Gelman, M.D. [mailto:jgelman@uci.edu], ''Director of the Center for Reconstructive Urology and Associate Clinical Professor in the Department of Urology at the University of    California,Irvine''
'''Editor(s)-in-Chief:''' [[C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.]] [mailto:charlesmichaelgibson@gmail.com] Phone:617-632-7753; {{Swathi}}
 
==Overview==
==Overview==
Carcinoma of the penis may be classified into several subtypes based on [[TNM system]] and [[UICC]] staging system.


==Staging==
==Staging==
'''TNM staging'''<ref>Stages of penile cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/penile/staging/?region=ab </ref>
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center
|valign=top|
|+
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 100px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|TNM}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF| Definition}}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |TX
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Primary tumor cannot be assessed
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No evidence of primary tumor
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Tis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Carcinoma in situ]]
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Ta
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Non-invasice [[verrucous carcinoma]]
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T1a
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Tumor]] invades subepithelial [[connective tissue]], but has no lymphovascular invasion
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T1b
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue and has spread to the [[lymphatic]] channels or [[blood vessels]]
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T2
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tumor invades the [[erectile tissue]] ([[corpus spongiosum]] or cavernosum)
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T3
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tumor invades the [[urethra]]
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T4
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tumor invades other adjacent organs
|-
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #4479BA" colspan=3 |{{fontcolor|#FFF| Regional Lymph Nodes}}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |NX
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Regional [[lymph nodes]] cannot be assessed
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Inguinal lymph nodes]] are not enlarged
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N1
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |One unilateral [[inguinal lymph node]] is enlarged
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N2
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |At least 2 inguinal lymph nodes are enlarged
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N3
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |There is a fixed inguinal nodal [[mass]] or enlarged [[pelvic]] lymph nodes on one or both sides of the body
|-
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #4479BA" colspan=3 |{{fontcolor|#FFF| Distant Metastasis}}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No distant [[metastasis]]
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M1
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Distant metastasis
|}


Like many malignancies, penile cancer can spread to other parts of the body. It is usually a primary malignancy, the initial place from which a cancer spreads in the body. Much less often it is a secondary malignancy, one in which the cancer has spread to the penis from elsewhere. Doctors use the extent of [[metastasis]] to estimate what stage the disease is in, to aid in treatment decisions and prognosis. The stages are assessed as follows:
'''UICC staging'''<ref>Stages of penile cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/penile/staging/?region=ab </ref>
 
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center
* Stage I - Cancer has only affected the [[penis|glans]] and/or foreskin.
|valign=top|
* Stage II - Cancer has spread to the [[penis|shaft]] of the penis.
|+
* Stage III - Cancer has affected the penis and surrounding [[lymph nodes]].
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 100px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Stage}}
* Stage IV - Cancer has moved beyond the groin area to other parts of the body.
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 100px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF| T}}
* Recurrent - Cancer that has returned after treatment.
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 100px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF| N}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 100px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF| M}}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" rowspan=2 |Stage 0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |N0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |M0
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ta
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |N0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |M0
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Stage I
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |T1a
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |N0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |M0
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" rowspan=3 |Stage II
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |T1b
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |N0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |M0
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |T2
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |N0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |M0
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |T3
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |N0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |M0
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Stage IIIA
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |T1-T3
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |N1
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |M0
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Stage IIIB
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |T1-T3
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |N2
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |M0
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" rowspan=3 |Stage IV
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |T4
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Any N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |M0
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Any T
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |N3
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |M0
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Any T
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Any N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |M1
|}


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Andrology]]
[[Category:Andrology]]
[[Category:Penis]]
[[Category:Penis]]

Latest revision as of 17:44, 2 April 2019

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Editor(s)-in-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753; Swathi Venkatesan, M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

Carcinoma of the penis may be classified into several subtypes based on TNM system and UICC staging system.

Staging

TNM staging[1]

TNM Definition
TX Primary tumor cannot be assessed
T0 No evidence of primary tumor
Tis Carcinoma in situ
Ta Non-invasice verrucous carcinoma
T1a Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue, but has no lymphovascular invasion
T1b Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue and has spread to the lymphatic channels or blood vessels
T2 Tumor invades the erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum or cavernosum)
T3 Tumor invades the urethra
T4 Tumor invades other adjacent organs
Regional Lymph Nodes
NX Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
N0 Inguinal lymph nodes are not enlarged
N1 One unilateral inguinal lymph node is enlarged
N2 At least 2 inguinal lymph nodes are enlarged
N3 There is a fixed inguinal nodal mass or enlarged pelvic lymph nodes on one or both sides of the body
Distant Metastasis
M0 No distant metastasis
M1 Distant metastasis

UICC staging[2]

Stage T N M
Stage 0 Tis N0 M0
Ta N0 M0
Stage I T1a N0 M0
Stage II T1b N0 M0
T2 N0 M0
T3 N0 M0
Stage IIIA T1-T3 N1 M0
Stage IIIB T1-T3 N2 M0
Stage IV T4 Any N M0
Any T N3 M0
Any T Any N M1

References

  1. ↑ Stages of penile cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/penile/staging/?region=ab
  2. ↑ Stages of penile cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/penile/staging/?region=ab


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