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Revision as of 17:51, 2 April 2019

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Swathi Venkatesan, M.B.B.S.[2]

Carcinoma of the penis Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

History of Circumcision

  • The earliest reference to the circumcision procedure dates back to around 2400 B.C, in Egypt [1]
  • In the late 1800s, doctors turned to circumcision to "cure" an array of ailments, from childhood fevers to brass poisoning to paralysis
  • Lewis Sayre, a professor of orthopedic surgery at Bellevue Hospital Medical College,was called to the bedside of a 5-year-old boy whose knees were flexed and paralyzed, preventing him from walking
  • During his examination, Sayre discovered that the boy's foreskin had contracted, causing the child great pain
  • Speculating that the foreskin problem could be the source of the boy's "physical prostration and nervous exhaustion," Sayre conducted a circumcision the next day
  • In less than two weeks, Sayre reported, the boy was walking again
  • South Koreans started to circumcise children during the American trusteeship following World War II [2]
  • The American cultural practice of circumcision became nearly universal in South Korea after the Korean War of 1950-52

History of HPV relation to Carcinoma of Penis

  • In 1965, the first published HPV study characterized its DNA [3]
  • Prior to 1965, papillomavirus studies focused on rabbit papillomavirus and its association to cancer
  • During the 1970’s, more than one type of HPV was recognized
  • In 1982, several studies associating HPV type 6 with genital warts, but neither cervical nor penile cancer, were published
  • The theory that penile and cervical cancer may have a common etiology was proposed as early as 35 years ago
  • Initial studies supported a causal relationship between male sexual behaviors and the incidence of cervical carcinoma before the role of HPV was even recognized

References

  1. Morris BJ, Kennedy SE, Wodak AD, Mindel A, Golovsky D, Schrieber L; et al. (2017). "Early infant male circumcision: Systematic review, risk-benefit analysis, and progress in policy". World J Clin Pediatr. 6 (1): 89–102. doi:10.5409/wjcp.v6.i1.89. PMC 5296634. PMID 28224100.
  2. Dunsmuir, W.D.; Gordon, E.M. (2002). "The history of circumcision". BJU International. 83 (S1): 1–12. doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1001.x. ISSN 1464-4096.
  3. Lont AP, Kroon BK, Horenblas S, Gallee MP, Berkhof J, Meijer CJ; et al. (2006). "Presence of high-risk human papillomavirus DNA in penile carcinoma predicts favorable outcome in survival". Int J Cancer. 119 (5): 1078–81. doi:10.1002/ijc.21961. PMID 16570278.

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