Candida vulvovaginitis risk factors: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
Line 6: Line 6:


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
The following risk factors have been implicated in the development of [[Candida]] [[vulvovaginitis]]:
The following risk factors have been implicated in predisposing patients to [[Candida]] [[vulvovaginitis]]:
*Previous infection with [[Candida]] [[vulvovaginitis]]<ref name="pmid2305918">{{cite journal |vauthors=Foxman B |title=The epidemiology of vulvovaginal candidiasis: risk factors |journal=Am J Public Health |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=329–31 |year=1990 |pmid=2305918 |pmc=1404680 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Previous infection with [[Candida]] [[vulvovaginitis]]<ref name="pmid2305918">{{cite journal |vauthors=Foxman B |title=The epidemiology of vulvovaginal candidiasis: risk factors |journal=Am J Public Health |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=329–31 |year=1990 |pmid=2305918 |pmc=1404680 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Previous infection with ''Neisseria gonorrhea''<ref name="pmid9794664">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eckert LO, Hawes SE, Stevens CE, Koutsky LA, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK |title=Vulvovaginal candidiasis: clinical manifestations, risk factors, management algorithm |journal=Obstet Gynecol |volume=92 |issue=5 |pages=757–65 |year=1998 |pmid=9794664 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Previous infection with ''[[Neisseria gonorrheae|neisseria gonorrhea]]''<ref name="pmid97946644">{{cite journal| author=Eckert LO, Hawes SE, Stevens CE, Koutsky LA, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK| title=Vulvovaginal candidiasis: clinical manifestations, risk factors, management algorithm. | journal=Obstet Gynecol | year= 1998 | volume= 92 | issue= 5 | pages= 757-65 | pmid=9794664 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9794664  }}</ref>
*Nuillparity<ref name="pmid16990387">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eckert LO |title=Clinical practice. Acute vulvovaginitis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=355 |issue=12 |pages=1244–52 |year=2006 |pmid=16990387 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp053720 |url=}}</ref>
*Nulliparity<ref name="pmid16990387">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eckert LO |title=Clinical practice. Acute vulvovaginitis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=355 |issue=12 |pages=1244–52 |year=2006 |pmid=16990387 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp053720 |url=}}</ref>
*Luteal phase of the menstrual cycle<ref name="pmid16990387">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eckert LO |title=Clinical practice. Acute vulvovaginitis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=355 |issue=12 |pages=1244–52 |year=2006 |pmid=16990387 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp053720 |url=}}</ref>
*Luteal phase of the menstrual cycle <ref name="pmid16990387">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eckert LO |title=Clinical practice. Acute vulvovaginitis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=355 |issue=12 |pages=1244–52 |year=2006 |pmid=16990387 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp053720 |url=}}</ref>
*Recent [[antibiotic]] use<ref name="pmid9794664">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eckert LO, Hawes SE, Stevens CE, Koutsky LA, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK |title=Vulvovaginal candidiasis: clinical manifestations, risk factors, management algorithm |journal=Obstet Gynecol |volume=92 |issue=5 |pages=757–65 |year=1998 |pmid=9794664 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12825971">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wilton L, Kollarova M, Heeley E, Shakir S |title=Relative risk of vaginal candidiasis after use of antibiotics compared with antidepressants in women: postmarketing surveillance data in England |journal=Drug Saf |volume=26 |issue=8 |pages=589–97 |year=2003 |pmid=12825971 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Recent [[antibiotic]] use<ref name="pmid12825971">{{cite journal| author=Wilton L, Kollarova M, Heeley E, Shakir S| title=Relative risk of vaginal candidiasis after use of antibiotics compared with antidepressants in women: postmarketing surveillance data in England. | journal=Drug Saf | year= 2003 | volume= 26 | issue= 8 | pages= 589-97 | pmid=12825971 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12825971  }} </ref>
*[[Pregnancy]]<ref name="pmid16990387">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eckert LO |title=Clinical practice. Acute vulvovaginitis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=355 |issue=12 |pages=1244–52 |year=2006 |pmid=16990387 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp053720 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Pregnancy]]<ref name="pmid16990387">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eckert LO |title=Clinical practice. Acute vulvovaginitis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=355 |issue=12 |pages=1244–52 |year=2006 |pmid=16990387 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp053720 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Diabetes Mellitus]]<ref name="pmid11835694">{{cite journal |vauthors=de Leon EM, Jacober SJ, Sobel JD, Foxman B |title=Prevalence and risk factors for vaginal Candida colonization in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes |journal=BMC Infect. Dis. |volume=2 |issue= |pages=1 |year=2002 |pmid=11835694 |pmc=65518 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12433331">{{cite journal |vauthors=Donders GG |title=Lower Genital Tract Infections in Diabetic Women |journal=Curr Infect Dis Rep |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=536–539 |year=2002 |pmid=12433331 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*[[Diabetes Mellitus|Diabetes mellitus]]<ref name="pmid11835694">{{cite journal |vauthors=de Leon EM, Jacober SJ, Sobel JD, Foxman B |title=Prevalence and risk factors for vaginal Candida colonization in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes |journal=BMC Infect. Dis. |volume=2 |issue= |pages=1 |year=2002 |pmid=11835694 |pmc=65518 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12433331">{{cite journal |vauthors=Donders GG |title=Lower Genital Tract Infections in Diabetic Women |journal=Curr Infect Dis Rep |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=536–539 |year=2002 |pmid=12433331 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*[[Obesity]]
*[[Obesity]]
*[[Immunosuppression]], such as [[HIV]] or [[glucocorticoid]] use<ref name="pmid12636961">{{cite journal |vauthors=Duerr A, Heilig CM, Meikle SF, Cu-Uvin S, Klein RS, Rompalo A, Sobel JD |title=Incident and persistent vulvovaginal candidiasis among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women: Risk factors and severity |journal=Obstet Gynecol |volume=101 |issue=3 |pages=548–56 |year=2003 |pmid=12636961 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*[[Immunosuppression]], such as [[HIV]] or [[glucocorticoid]] use<ref name="pmid12636961">{{cite journal |vauthors=Duerr A, Heilig CM, Meikle SF, Cu-Uvin S, Klein RS, Rompalo A, Sobel JD |title=Incident and persistent vulvovaginal candidiasis among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women: Risk factors and severity |journal=Obstet Gynecol |volume=101 |issue=3 |pages=548–56 |year=2003 |pmid=12636961 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Condom use<ref name="pmid9794664">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eckert LO, Hawes SE, Stevens CE, Koutsky LA, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK |title=Vulvovaginal candidiasis: clinical manifestations, risk factors, management algorithm |journal=Obstet Gynecol |volume=92 |issue=5 |pages=757–65 |year=1998 |pmid=9794664 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Condom use<ref name="pmid9794664">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eckert LO, Hawes SE, Stevens CE, Koutsky LA, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK |title=Vulvovaginal candidiasis: clinical manifestations, risk factors, management algorithm |journal=Obstet Gynecol |volume=92 |issue=5 |pages=757–65 |year=1998 |pmid=9794664 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
====Risk Factors for Recurrent Candida Vulvovaginitis<ref name="pmid26164695">{{cite journal| author=Sobel JD| title=Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. | journal=Am J Obstet Gynecol | year= 2016 | volume= 214 | issue= 1 | pages= 15-21 | pmid=26164695 | doi=10.1016/j.ajog.2015.06.067 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26164695  }} </ref>====
{| class="wikitable"
!Microbial Factors
!Genetic Factors
!Host Behavioural Factors
!Other Risk Factors
|-
|
*Non-albicans [[Candida]] species
|
*Lewis [[blood group]] non-secretor status
*African American race
*Familial history of recurrent [[Candida]] vulvovaginitis
|
*[[Oral contraceptive]] use
*Sponge/[[intrauterine device]] use
*Intercourse frequency/ periodicity<ref name="pmid14709186">{{cite journal| author=Reed BD, Zazove P, Pierson CL, Gorenflo DW, Horrocks J| title=Candida transmission and sexual behaviors as risks for a repeat episode of Candida vulvovaginitis. | journal=J Womens Health (Larchmt) | year= 2003 | volume= 12 | issue= 10 | pages= 979-89 | pmid=14709186 | doi=10.1089/154099903322643901 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14709186  }}</ref>
*Orogenital sexual activity
|
*Antibacterial use
*Uncontrolled [[diabetes]]
*[[HIV]]
*[[Corticosteroid]] use
*[[Hormone replacement therapy]]
|}
<small>Table adopted from Vulvovaginal candidiasis Lancet 2007; 369: 1961–71<ref name="pmid17560449">{{cite journal| author=Sobel JD| title=Vulvovaginal candidosis. | journal=Lancet | year= 2007 | volume= 369 | issue= 9577 | pages= 1961-71 | pmid=17560449 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60917-9 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17560449  }} </ref></small>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 14:40, 1 May 2017

Candidiasis Main page

Patient Information

Overview

Causes

Classification

Pathophysiology

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]

Overview

Some of the risk factors associated with the development of Candida vulvovaginitis include diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression and recent antibiotic use.

Risk Factors

The following risk factors have been implicated in predisposing patients to Candida vulvovaginitis:

Risk Factors for Recurrent Candida Vulvovaginitis[9]

Microbial Factors Genetic Factors Host Behavioural Factors Other Risk Factors
  • Lewis blood group non-secretor status
  • African American race
  • Familial history of recurrent Candida vulvovaginitis

Table adopted from Vulvovaginal candidiasis Lancet 2007; 369: 1961–71[11]

References

  1. ↑ Foxman B (1990). "The epidemiology of vulvovaginal candidiasis: risk factors". Am J Public Health. 80 (3): 329–31. PMC 1404680. PMID 2305918.
  2. ↑ Eckert LO, Hawes SE, Stevens CE, Koutsky LA, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK (1998). "Vulvovaginal candidiasis: clinical manifestations, risk factors, management algorithm". Obstet Gynecol. 92 (5): 757–65. PMID 9794664.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Eckert LO (2006). "Clinical practice. Acute vulvovaginitis". N. Engl. J. Med. 355 (12): 1244–52. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp053720. PMID 16990387.
  4. ↑ Wilton L, Kollarova M, Heeley E, Shakir S (2003). "Relative risk of vaginal candidiasis after use of antibiotics compared with antidepressants in women: postmarketing surveillance data in England". Drug Saf. 26 (8): 589–97. PMID 12825971.
  5. ↑ de Leon EM, Jacober SJ, Sobel JD, Foxman B (2002). "Prevalence and risk factors for vaginal Candida colonization in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes". BMC Infect. Dis. 2: 1. PMC 65518. PMID 11835694.
  6. ↑ Donders GG (2002). "Lower Genital Tract Infections in Diabetic Women". Curr Infect Dis Rep. 4 (6): 536–539. PMID 12433331.
  7. ↑ Duerr A, Heilig CM, Meikle SF, Cu-Uvin S, Klein RS, Rompalo A, Sobel JD (2003). "Incident and persistent vulvovaginal candidiasis among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women: Risk factors and severity". Obstet Gynecol. 101 (3): 548–56. PMID 12636961.
  8. ↑ Eckert LO, Hawes SE, Stevens CE, Koutsky LA, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK (1998). "Vulvovaginal candidiasis: clinical manifestations, risk factors, management algorithm". Obstet Gynecol. 92 (5): 757–65. PMID 9794664.
  9. ↑ Sobel JD (2016). "Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis". Am J Obstet Gynecol. 214 (1): 15–21. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2015.06.067. PMID 26164695.
  10. ↑ Reed BD, Zazove P, Pierson CL, Gorenflo DW, Horrocks J (2003). "Candida transmission and sexual behaviors as risks for a repeat episode of Candida vulvovaginitis". J Womens Health (Larchmt). 12 (10): 979–89. doi:10.1089/154099903322643901. PMID 14709186.
  11. ↑ Sobel JD (2007). "Vulvovaginal candidosis". Lancet. 369 (9577): 1961–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60917-9. PMID 17560449.


Template:WH Template:WS

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Candida_vulvovaginitis_risk_factors&oldid=1309933"