Candida vulvovaginitis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
The follow risk factors have been implicated in the development of [[candidia]] [[vulvovaginitis]]: | |||
*Previous infection with [[Candida]] [[vulvovaginitis]]<ref name="pmid2305918">{{cite journal |vauthors=Foxman B |title=The epidemiology of vulvovaginal candidiasis: risk factors |journal=Am J Public Health |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=329–31 |year=1990 |pmid=2305918 |pmc=1404680 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Previous infection with [[Neisseria Gonorrhea]]<ref name="pmid9794664">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eckert LO, Hawes SE, Stevens CE, Koutsky LA, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK |title=Vulvovaginal candidiasis: clinical manifestations, risk factors, management algorithm |journal=Obstet Gynecol |volume=92 |issue=5 |pages=757–65 |year=1998 |pmid=9794664 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[ | *[[Nuillparity]]<ref name="pmid16990387">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eckert LO |title=Clinical practice. Acute vulvovaginitis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=355 |issue=12 |pages=1244–52 |year=2006 |pmid=16990387 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp053720 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[Pregnancy]] | *Luteal phase of the menstrual cycle<ref name="pmid16990387">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eckert LO |title=Clinical practice. Acute vulvovaginitis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=355 |issue=12 |pages=1244–52 |year=2006 |pmid=16990387 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp053720 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[Diabetes Mellitus]] | *Recent [[antibiotic]] use<ref name="pmid9794664">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eckert LO, Hawes SE, Stevens CE, Koutsky LA, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK |title=Vulvovaginal candidiasis: clinical manifestations, risk factors, management algorithm |journal=Obstet Gynecol |volume=92 |issue=5 |pages=757–65 |year=1998 |pmid=9794664 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12825971">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wilton L, Kollarova M, Heeley E, Shakir S |title=Relative risk of vaginal candidiasis after use of antibiotics compared with antidepressants in women: postmarketing surveillance data in England |journal=Drug Saf |volume=26 |issue=8 |pages=589–97 |year=2003 |pmid=12825971 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[Pregnancy]]<ref name="pmid16990387">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eckert LO |title=Clinical practice. Acute vulvovaginitis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=355 |issue=12 |pages=1244–52 |year=2006 |pmid=16990387 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp053720 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Diabetes Mellitus]]<ref name="pmid11835694">{{cite journal |vauthors=de Leon EM, Jacober SJ, Sobel JD, Foxman B |title=Prevalence and risk factors for vaginal Candida colonization in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes |journal=BMC Infect. Dis. |volume=2 |issue= |pages=1 |year=2002 |pmid=11835694 |pmc=65518 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12433331">{{cite journal |vauthors=Donders GG |title=Lower Genital Tract Infections in Diabetic Women |journal=Curr Infect Dis Rep |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=536–539 |year=2002 |pmid=12433331 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Obesity]] | *[[Obesity]] | ||
*[[Immunosuppression]] | *[[Immunosuppression]], such as [[HIV]] or [[glucocorticoid]] use<ref name="pmid12636961">{{cite journal |vauthors=Duerr A, Heilig CM, Meikle SF, Cu-Uvin S, Klein RS, Rompalo A, Sobel JD |title=Incident and persistent vulvovaginal candidiasis among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women: Risk factors and severity |journal=Obstet Gynecol |volume=101 |issue=3 |pages=548–56 |year=2003 |pmid=12636961 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Condom use<ref name="pmid9794664">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eckert LO, Hawes SE, Stevens CE, Koutsky LA, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK |title=Vulvovaginal candidiasis: clinical manifestations, risk factors, management algorithm |journal=Obstet Gynecol |volume=92 |issue=5 |pages=757–65 |year=1998 |pmid=9794664 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 15:52, 18 October 2016
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Candidiasis Main page |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of candidiasis include antibiotic use, pregnancy, diabetes, immunosuppression, and obesity.
Risk Factors
The follow risk factors have been implicated in the development of candidia vulvovaginitis:
- Previous infection with Candida vulvovaginitis[1]
- Previous infection with Neisseria Gonorrhea[2]
- Nuillparity[3]
- Luteal phase of the menstrual cycle[3]
- Recent antibiotic use[2][4]
- Pregnancy[3]
- Diabetes Mellitus[5][6]
- Obesity
- Immunosuppression, such as HIV or glucocorticoid use[7]
- Condom use[2]
References
- ↑ Foxman B (1990). "The epidemiology of vulvovaginal candidiasis: risk factors". Am J Public Health. 80 (3): 329–31. PMC 1404680. PMID 2305918.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Eckert LO, Hawes SE, Stevens CE, Koutsky LA, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK (1998). "Vulvovaginal candidiasis: clinical manifestations, risk factors, management algorithm". Obstet Gynecol. 92 (5): 757–65. PMID 9794664.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Eckert LO (2006). "Clinical practice. Acute vulvovaginitis". N. Engl. J. Med. 355 (12): 1244–52. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp053720. PMID 16990387.
- ↑ Wilton L, Kollarova M, Heeley E, Shakir S (2003). "Relative risk of vaginal candidiasis after use of antibiotics compared with antidepressants in women: postmarketing surveillance data in England". Drug Saf. 26 (8): 589–97. PMID 12825971.
- ↑ de Leon EM, Jacober SJ, Sobel JD, Foxman B (2002). "Prevalence and risk factors for vaginal Candida colonization in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes". BMC Infect. Dis. 2: 1. PMC 65518. PMID 11835694.
- ↑ Donders GG (2002). "Lower Genital Tract Infections in Diabetic Women". Curr Infect Dis Rep. 4 (6): 536–539. PMID 12433331.
- ↑ Duerr A, Heilig CM, Meikle SF, Cu-Uvin S, Klein RS, Rompalo A, Sobel JD (2003). "Incident and persistent vulvovaginal candidiasis among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women: Risk factors and severity". Obstet Gynecol. 101 (3): 548–56. PMID 12636961.