Bowel obstruction causes: Difference between revisions
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Causes of [[small bowel]] obstruction include:<ref name="pmid26526435">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gore RM, Silvers RI, Thakrar KH, Wenzke DR, Mehta UK, Newmark GM, Berlin JW |title=Bowel Obstruction |journal=Radiol. Clin. North Am. |volume=53 |issue=6 |pages=1225–40 |year=2015 |pmid=26526435 |doi=10.1016/j.rcl.2015.06.008 |url=}}</ref> | Causes of [[small bowel]] obstruction include:<ref name="pmid26526435">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gore RM, Silvers RI, Thakrar KH, Wenzke DR, Mehta UK, Newmark GM, Berlin JW |title=Bowel Obstruction |journal=Radiol. Clin. North Am. |volume=53 |issue=6 |pages=1225–40 |year=2015 |pmid=26526435 |doi=10.1016/j.rcl.2015.06.008 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* [[Adhesion (medicine)|Adhesions]] | * [[Adhesion (medicine)|Adhesions]] | ||
**from previous abdominal surgery | **from previous [[abdominal surgery]] | ||
* [[Carcinoid]] tumor | * [[Carcinoid]] tumor | ||
**rare, preferred location is the ileum | **rare, preferred location is the [[ileum]] | ||
* [[Crohn's disease]] | * [[Crohn's disease]] | ||
**causes adhesions or inflammatory strictures | **causes [[adhesions]] or [[inflammatory]] [[strictures]] | ||
* [[Foreign body|Foreign bodies]] | * [[Foreign body|Foreign bodies]] | ||
**including [[gallstone]]s in [[gallstone ileus]] and swallowed objects | **including [[gallstone]]s in [[gallstone ileus]] and swallowed objects | ||
| Line 28: | Line 28: | ||
* [[Ischaemia|Ischaemic]] strictures | * [[Ischaemia|Ischaemic]] strictures | ||
* [[Neoplasia|Neoplasms]] | * [[Neoplasia|Neoplasms]] | ||
**including both benign and malignant neoplasms | **including both [[benign]] and [[malignant]] neoplasms | ||
*[[Volvulus]] | *[[Volvulus]] | ||
| Line 37: | Line 37: | ||
* [[Inflammatory bowel disease]] | * [[Inflammatory bowel disease]] | ||
* [[Volvulus]] | * [[Volvulus]] | ||
**specifically sigmoid, caecal, and colonic volvulus | **specifically [[sigmoid]], caecal, and [[colonic volvulus]] | ||
* [[Constipation|Faecal impaction]] | * [[Constipation|Faecal impaction]] | ||
* [[Intestinal atresia|Colon atresia]] | * [[Intestinal atresia|Colon atresia]] | ||
*Benign | *[[Benign]] [[stricture]]<nowiki/>s | ||
**such as those that occur with [[Diverticulosis|diverticular disease]] | **such as those that occur with [[Diverticulosis|diverticular disease]] | ||
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**Short-segment [[Hirschsprung's disease]] | **Short-segment [[Hirschsprung's disease]] | ||
**[[Chagas disease]] | **[[Chagas disease]] | ||
**Hereditary internal sphincter myopathy | **Hereditary internal sphincter [[myopathy]] | ||
*Spasm of the striated pelvic floor muscles | *Spasm of the striated pelvic floor muscles | ||
**[[Anismus]] | **[[Anismus]] | ||
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** [[Ileus|Paralytic ileus]] | ** [[Ileus|Paralytic ileus]] | ||
**[[Intestinal pseudoobstruction|Pseudo-obstruction]] ([[Ogilvie's syndrome]]) | **[[Intestinal pseudoobstruction|Pseudo-obstruction]] ([[Ogilvie's syndrome]]) | ||
*Chromosomal abnormalities | *[[Chromosomal]] abnormalities | ||
**[[Down syndrome]] | **[[Down syndrome]] | ||
*Autosomal dominant conditions | *[[Autosomal dominant]] conditions | ||
**[[Neurofibromatosis]] type 1 | **[[Neurofibromatosis]] type 1 | ||
*Malignant neoplastic conditions | *Malignant neoplastic conditions | ||
| Line 79: | Line 79: | ||
**[[Stomach cancer]] | **[[Stomach cancer]] | ||
*Trauma, mechanical and physical conditions: | *Trauma, mechanical and physical conditions: | ||
**Bowel strangulation | **Bowel [[strangulation]] | ||
**Femoral [[hernia]] | **Femoral [[hernia]] | ||
**[[Ileus]] | **[[Ileus]] | ||
| Line 86: | Line 86: | ||
**Intestinal [[volvulus]] | **Intestinal [[volvulus]] | ||
**[[Intussusception]] | **[[Intussusception]] | ||
**Large bowel obstruction | **Large bowel [[obstruction]] | ||
**Obturator [[hernia]] | **[[Obturator]] [[hernia]] | ||
**Peritoneal [[adhesions]] | **[[Peritoneal]] [[adhesions]] | ||
**Small bowel obstruction | **Small bowel obstruction | ||
*Infectious disorders | *Infectious disorders | ||
| Line 117: | Line 117: | ||
*[[Endometriosis]] | *[[Endometriosis]] | ||
*[[Foreign body]] | *[[Foreign body]] | ||
*[[Gallstone]] ileus | *[[Gallstone]] [[ileus]] | ||
*[[Hematoma]] of the bowel wall | *[[Hematoma]] of the bowel wall | ||
*[[Hernia]] | *[[Hernia]] | ||
*[[Hirschsprung's disease|Hirschprung's disease]] | *[[Hirschsprung's disease|Hirschprung's disease]] | ||
*Iatrogenic | *[[Iatrogenic]] | ||
*[[Imperforate anus]] | *[[Imperforate anus]] | ||
*[[Incarcerated hernia]] | *[[Incarcerated hernia]] | ||
| Line 167: | Line 167: | ||
*[[Pancreatitis]] | *[[Pancreatitis]] | ||
*Penetrating wounds | *Penetrating wounds | ||
* | *[[Perinephric abscess]] | ||
*Peritoneal [[carcinomatosis]] | *Peritoneal [[carcinomatosis]] | ||
*[[Peritonitis]] | *[[Peritonitis]] | ||
*[[Pneumonia]] | *[[Pneumonia]] | ||
*[[Porphyria]] | *[[Porphyria]] | ||
*Iatrogenic | *[[Iatrogenic]] | ||
*Psoas [[abscess]] | *[[Psoas]] [[abscess]] | ||
*[[Pyelonephritis]] | *[[Pyelonephritis]] | ||
*[[Renal colic]] | *[[Renal colic]] | ||
*[[Retroperitoneal hematoma]] | *[[Retroperitoneal hematoma]] | ||
*Spinal cord inflammation | *Spinal cord [[inflammation]] | ||
*Spinal cord injury | *Spinal cord injury | ||
*Spinal cord trauma | *Spinal cord trauma | ||
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====Pseudo-bowel obstruction==== | ====Pseudo-bowel obstruction==== | ||
*Aerophagia | *[[Aerophagia]] | ||
*Functional bowel disease | *Functional bowel disease | ||
Revision as of 18:38, 7 February 2018
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Bowel obstruction Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Surgery |
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Case Studies |
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Bowel obstruction causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Bowel obstruction causes |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Bowel obstruction causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hadeel Maksoud M.D.[2]
Overview
Small bowel obstruction causes include post-adbominal surgery adhesions, foreign bodies and intussusception. Large bowel obstruction causes include neoplasms, hernias and constipation. Miscellaneous causes include, paralytic ileus and Down syndrome. Causes by organ system include, ovarian cancer, bowel strangulation and ascariasis. Mechanical obstruction can be caused by pregnancy, Hirschsprung's disease and Crohn's disease. Non-mechanical obstruction may be caused by ovarian torsion, pancreatitis and lead poisoning. Drug induced bowel obstruction can occur by intake of lanthanum carbonate, methscopolamine bromide, and teduglutide.
Causes
Causes by Localization
Small bowel obstruction
Causes of small bowel obstruction include:[1]
- Adhesions
- from previous abdominal surgery
- Carcinoid tumor
- rare, preferred location is the ileum
- Crohn's disease
- causes adhesions or inflammatory strictures
- Foreign bodies
- including gallstones in gallstone ileus and swallowed objects
- Hernia
- especially hernias containing bowel
- Intestinal atresia
- Intussusception
- specifically in children
- Ischaemic strictures
- Neoplasms
- Volvulus
Large bowel obstruction
Causes of large bowel obstruction include:[1]
- Neoplasms
- Hernias
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Volvulus
- specifically sigmoid, caecal, and colonic volvulus
- Faecal impaction
- Colon atresia
- Benign strictures
- such as those that occur with diverticular disease
Outlet obstruction
- Functional outlet obstruction
- Internal anal sphincter spasm
- Short-segment Hirschsprung's disease
- Chagas disease
- Hereditary internal sphincter myopathy
- Spasm of the striated pelvic floor muscles
- Mechanical outlet obstruction
- Impaired rectal sensitivity
- Megarectum
- Rectal hyposensitivity
Causes by organ system
- Miscellaneous syndromes[2][3]
- Chromosomal abnormalities
- Autosomal dominant conditions
- Neurofibromatosis type 1
- Malignant neoplastic conditions
- Trauma, mechanical and physical conditions:
- Bowel strangulation
- Femoral hernia
- Ileus
- Inguinal hernia
- Intestinal stricture
- Intestinal volvulus
- Intussusception
- Large bowel obstruction
- Obturator hernia
- Peritoneal adhesions
- Small bowel obstruction
- Infectious disorders
- Ascariasis
- Intra-abdominal sepsis
- Pneumonia
- Drug Induced
Causes by mechanism
Mechanical bowel obstruction
- Adenomatous polyps[4][5]
- Adhesions
- Adhesive bands
- Annular pancreas
- Ascariasis
- Atresia
- Biliary calculus
- Bowel duplication
- Carcinomatosis
- Colon Cancer
- Congenital megacolon
- Crohn's Disease
- Cysts
- Diverticular stricture
- Diverticulitis
- Endometriosis
- Foreign body
- Gallstone ileus
- Hematoma of the bowel wall
- Hernia
- Hirschprung's disease
- Iatrogenic
- Imperforate anus
- Incarcerated hernia
- Intrabdominal abscess
- Intussusception
- Ischemia
- Malrotation
- Meckel's Diverticulum
- Megacolon
- Multiple polyposis syndromes
- Neoplasm
- Ovarian Cancer
- Pneumatosis intestinalis
- Iatrogenic
- Pregnancy
- Radiation induced stenosis
- Sarcoma
- Scleroderma
- Surgical anastomosis
- Therapy with dietary fiber
- Trauma
- Tuberculosis
- Ulcerative colitis
- Volvulus
Non-mechanical bowel obstruction
- Acid-base imbalance
- Acute pancreatitis
- Apoplexy
- Brain tumor
- Cancer
- Cholecystolithiasis
- Connective tissue disease
- Diabetic coma
- Empyema
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Hypokalemia
- Lead poisoning
- Lymphoma
- Mechanical ventilation
- Mesenteric infarction
- Meropenem
- Osteomyelitis of the spine
- Ovarian torsion
- Pancreatitis
- Penetrating wounds
- Perinephric abscess
- Peritoneal carcinomatosis
- Peritonitis
- Pneumonia
- Porphyria
- Iatrogenic
- Psoas abscess
- Pyelonephritis
- Renal colic
- Retroperitoneal hematoma
- Spinal cord inflammation
- Spinal cord injury
- Spinal cord trauma
- Systemic infection
- Testicular torsion
- Ulcer perforation
- Uremia
- Urosepsis
- Vitamin deficiency
Pseudo-bowel obstruction
- Aerophagia
- Functional bowel disease
Drug induced
- Lanthanum carbonate
- Methscopolamine bromide
- Teduglutide
- Morphine
- Narcotics
- Anticholinergics
- Antihistamines
- Catecholamines
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Gore RM, Silvers RI, Thakrar KH, Wenzke DR, Mehta UK, Newmark GM, Berlin JW (2015). "Bowel Obstruction". Radiol. Clin. North Am. 53 (6): 1225–40. doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2015.06.008. PMID 26526435.
- ↑ Mucha P (1987). "Small intestinal obstruction". Surg. Clin. North Am. 67 (3): 597–620. PMID 3296252.
- ↑ Miller G, Boman J, Shrier I, Gordon PH (2000). "Etiology of small bowel obstruction". Am. J. Surg. 180 (1): 33–6. PMID 11036136.
- ↑ Markogiannakis H, Messaris E, Dardamanis D, Pararas N, Tzertzemelis D, Giannopoulos P, Larentzakis A, Lagoudianakis E, Manouras A, Bramis I (2007). "Acute mechanical bowel obstruction: clinical presentation, etiology, management and outcome". World J. Gastroenterol. 13 (3): 432–7. PMC 4065900. PMID 17230614.
- ↑ Kozol R (2012). "Mechanical bowel obstruction: a tale of 2 eras". Arch Surg. 147 (2): 180. doi:10.1001/archsurg.2011.1415. PMID 22351916.