Blurred vision: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 00:31, 27 January 2021

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief:

Overview

Historical Perspective

[Disease name] was first discovered by [name of scientist], a [nationality + occupation], in [year]/during/following [event].

The association between [important risk factor/cause] and [disease name] was made in/during [year/event].

In [year], [scientist] was the first to discover the association between [risk factor] and the development of [disease name].

In [year], [gene] mutations were first implicated in the pathogenesis of [disease name].

There have been several outbreaks of [disease name], including -----.

In [year], [diagnostic test/therapy] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].

Classification

There is no established system for the classification of [disease name].

OR

[Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups: [group1], [group2], [group3], and [group4].

OR

[Disease name] may be classified into [large number > 6] subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3]. [Disease name] may be classified into several subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3].

OR

Based on the duration of symptoms, [disease name] may be classified as either acute or chronic.

OR

If the staging system involves specific and characteristic findings and features: According to the [staging system + reference], there are [number] stages of [malignancy name] based on the [finding1], [finding2], and [finding3]. Each stage is assigned a [letter/number1] and a [letter/number2] that designate the [feature1] and [feature2].

OR

The staging of [malignancy name] is based on the [staging system].

OR

There is no established system for the staging of [malignancy name].

Pathophysiology

The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

OR

It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].

OR

[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.

OR

Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.

OR

[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].

OR

The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].

OR

The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Causes

Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].

OR

Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].

OR

The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].

OR

The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click here.

Differentiating ((Page name)) from other Diseases

[Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as [differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].

OR

[Disease name] must be differentiated from [[differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].

Epidemiology and Demographics

The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.

OR

In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.

OR

In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate of [number range]%.

Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].

OR

The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.

OR

[Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.

OR

[Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].

OR

[Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].

There is no racial predilection to [disease name].

OR

[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].

[Disease name] affects men and women equally.

OR

[Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.

The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].

OR

[Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].

Risk Factors

There are no established risk factors for [disease name].

OR

The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

OR

Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

OR

Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.

Screening

There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for [disease/malignancy].

OR

According to the [guideline name], screening for [disease name] is not recommended.

OR

According to the [guideline name], screening for [disease name] by [test 1] is recommended every [duration] among patients with [condition 1], [condition 2], and [condition 3].

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].

OR

Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

OR

Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].

OR

The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which include [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].

OR

The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [definition name] definition, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].

OR

There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].

History and Symptoms

The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.

OR

The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Common symptoms of [disease] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Less common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].

Physical Examination

Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance]. Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

Common physical examination findings of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].

OR

The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].

Laboratory Findings

An elevated/reduced concentration of serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].

OR

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].

OR

[Test] is usually normal among patients with [disease name].

OR

Some patients with [disease name] may have elevated/reduced concentration of [test], which is usually suggestive of [progression/complication].

OR

There are no diagnostic laboratory findings associated with [disease name].

Electrocardiogram

There are no ECG findings associated with [disease name].

OR

An ECG may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an ECG suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

X-ray

There are no x-ray findings associated with [disease name].

OR

An x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an x-ray suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

There are no x-ray findings associated with [disease name]. However, an x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with [disease name].

OR

Echocardiography/ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an echocardiography/ultrasound suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with [disease name]. However, an echocardiography/ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

CT scan

There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name].

OR

[Location] CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on CT scan suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name]. However, a CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

MRI

There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name].

OR

[Location] MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on MRI suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name]. However, a MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

Other Imaging Findings

There are no other imaging findings associated with [disease name].

OR

[Imaging modality] may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an [imaging modality] suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Other Diagnostic Studies

There are no other diagnostic studies associated with [disease name].

OR

[Diagnostic study] may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

Other diagnostic studies for [disease name] include [diagnostic study 1], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3], and [diagnostic study 2], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Treatment

Medical Therapy

There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.

OR

Supportive therapy for [disease name] includes [therapy 1], [therapy 2], and [therapy 3].

OR

The majority of cases of [disease name] are self-limited and require only supportive care.

OR

[Disease name] is a medical emergency and requires prompt treatment.

OR

The mainstay of treatment for [disease name] is [therapy].

OR The optimal therapy for [malignancy name] depends on the stage at diagnosis.

OR

[Therapy] is recommended among all patients who develop [disease name].

OR

Pharmacologic medical therapy is recommended among patients with [disease subclass 1], [disease subclass 2], and [disease subclass 3].

OR

Pharmacologic medical therapies for [disease name] include (either) [therapy 1], [therapy 2], and/or [therapy 3].

OR

Empiric therapy for [disease name] depends on [disease factor 1] and [disease factor 2].

OR

Patients with [disease subclass 1] are treated with [therapy 1], whereas patients with [disease subclass 2] are treated with [therapy 2].

Surgery

Surgical intervention is not recommended for the management of [disease name].

OR

Surgery is not the first-line treatment option for patients with [disease name]. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either [indication 1], [indication 2], and [indication 3]

OR

The mainstay of treatment for [disease name] is medical therapy. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either [indication 1], [indication 2], and/or [indication 3].

OR

The feasibility of surgery depends on the stage of [malignancy] at diagnosis.

OR

Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for [disease or malignancy].

Primary Prevention

There are no established measures for the primary prevention of [disease name].

OR

There are no available vaccines against [disease name].

OR

Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].

OR

[Vaccine name] vaccine is recommended for [patient population] to prevent [disease name]. Other primary prevention strategies include [strategy 1], [strategy 2], and [strategy 3].

Secondary Prevention

There are no established measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name].

OR

Effective measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name] include [strategy 1], [strategy 2], and [strategy 3].

References

Template:WS

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:'''
-==Overview==
+== Overview ==
-[[Blurred vision]] is a common [[ophthalmic]] symptom where vision becomes less sharp and there is an inability to see small details. Alterations of the [[optical]] surfaces or media for which the [[visual axis]] travels typically causes [[blurred vision]]. Refractive errors, such as [[near-sightedness]] and [[far-sightedness]] cause the majority of [[blurred vision]] complaints. Most vision complaints can be corrected with glasses. [[Blurred vision]] can be due to multiple issues but mostly present in [[neurologic]] and [[ophthalmologic]] diseases.
+==Historical Perspective==
+[Disease name] was first discovered by [name of scientist], a [nationality + occupation], in [year]/during/following [event].
+The association between [important risk factor/cause] and [disease name] was made in/during [year/event].
+In [year], [scientist] was the first to discover the association between [risk factor] and the development of [disease name].
-==Historical Perspective==
+In [year], [gene] mutations were first implicated in the pathogenesis of [disease name].
-*Visual function assessment and [[blurred vision]] detection, in particular, has been susceptible to the invention of [[snellen chart]]. [[Snellen chart]] is an eye chart that can be used to measure visual acuity. [[Snellen chart]] is named after the Dutch ophthalmologist Herman Snellen, who developed the chart in 1862 who began diagnosing vision problems by asking people to look at a chart on a wall and tell him what they could see. Dr. Snellen also created a chart called the Tumbling E chart, which can be used by people who cannot read, or by young children who don’t know the alphabet. Instead of using different letters, the Tumbling E eye chart uses a capital letter E that faces in different directions.<ref name="Keeler2002">{{cite journal|last1=Keeler|first1=C. Richard|title=The Ophthalmoscope in the Lifetime of Hermann von Helmholtz|journal=Archives of Ophthalmology|volume=120|issue=2|year=2002|pages=194|issn=0003-9950|doi=10.1001/archopht.120.2.194}}</ref>
-*The other chart testing visual acuity is [[logMAR chart]] which also called [[Bailey-Lovie chart]] or [[ETDRS chart]]. The chart was developed at the National Vision Research Institute of Australia in 1976, and is designed to enable a more accurate estimate of acuity than the other one. Visual acuity measurements using a [[logMAR chart]] have been shown to be twice as repeatable as those from a [[snellen chart]].<ref name="Rosser2001">{{cite journal|last1=Rosser|first1=D A|title=The development of a "reduced logMAR" visual acuity chart for use in routine clinical practice|journal=British Journal of Ophthalmology|volume=85|issue=4|year=2001|pages=432–436|issn=00071161|doi=10.1136/bjo.85.4.432}}</ref>
+There have been several outbreaks of [disease name], including -----.
+In [year], [diagnostic test/therapy] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].
 ==Classification==
-*Based on the duration of symptoms, [[blurred vision]] may be classified as either [[acute]] or [[chronic]].
+There is no established system for the classification of [disease name].
+OR
+[Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups: [group1], [group2], [group3], and [group4].
+OR
+[Disease name] may be classified into [large number > 6] subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3]. [Disease name] may be classified into several subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3].
+OR
+Based on the duration of symptoms, [disease name] may be classified as either acute or chronic.
+OR
+If the staging system involves specific and characteristic findings and features: According to the [staging system + reference], there are [number] stages of [malignancy name] based on the [finding1], [finding2], and [finding3]. Each stage is assigned a [letter/number1] and a [letter/number2] that designate the [feature1] and [feature2].
+OR
+The staging of [malignancy name] is based on the [staging system].
+OR
+There is no established system for the staging of [malignancy name].
 ==Pathophysiology==
+The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.
+OR
+It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
+OR
+[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
+OR
+Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
+OR
+[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
+OR
+The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
+OR
+The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.
 ==Causes==
+Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
-===Causes by Organ System===
+OR
-{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
+Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
-| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular'''
-| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" |
-[[Hypertension]],
-[[Neurocardiogenic Syncope]],
-|-
+OR
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-|'''Chemical / poisoning'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" |
-[[Hawaiian baby woodrose]],
-[[Monocrotophos]],
-[[Mushroom poisoning]],
-|-
+The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-|'''Dermatologic'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
-|-
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-|'''Drug Side Effect'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" |
-[[3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate]],
-[[Acetazolamide]],
-[[Acetohexamide (patient information)]],
-[[Aclidinium bromide]],
-[[Aldicarb]],
-[[Alfuzosin (patient information)]],
-[[Alpha-Methyltryptamine]],
-[[Amantadine (patient information)]],
-[[Amitriptyline (patient information)]],
-[[Amitriptyline and Perphenazine (patient information)]],
-[[Amphotericin B Injection (patient information)]],
-[[Amprenavir (patient information)]],
-[[Anastrozole (patient information)]],
-[[Anticholinergic]],
-[[Antihistamine]],
-[[Apraclonidine]],
-[[Aripiprazole (patient information)]],
-[[Atropine]],
-[[Avacor]],
-[[Azelastine Ophthalmic (patient information)]],
-[[Benzatropine]],
-[[Benzodiazepine]],
-[[Bepridil (patient information)]],
-[[Besifloxacin]],
-[[Bimatoprost]],
-[[Biperiden]],
-[[Bismuth Subsalicylate, Metronidazole, and Tetracycline Combination (patient information)]],
-[[Bortezomib (patient information)]],
-[[Botulinum toxin]],
-[[Brinzolamide Ophthalmic (patient information)]],
-[[Bupivacaine]],
-[[Butanethiol]],
-[[Butorphanol]],
-[[Carvedilol (patient information)]],
-[[Cetuximab Injection (patient information)]],
-[[Cevimeline]],
-[[Chlordiazepoxide (patient information)]],
-[[Chlordiazepoxide and Clidinium Bromide (patient information)]],
-[[Chloroquine Phosphate Oral (patient information)]],
-[[Chlorpropamide (patient information)]],
-[[Clonazepam (patient information)]],
-[[Clorazepate (patient information)]],[[Clobazam]],
-[[Colistimethate Injection (patient information)]], [[Crizotinib]],
-[[Cyclizine]],
-[[Cetirizine hydrochloride]],
-[[Cyclopentolate]],
-[[Cyclosporine Ophthalmic (patient information)]],
-[[Cytarabine (patient information)]],
-[[Cytarabine]],
-[[Dapiprazole Ophthalmic (patient information)]],
-[[Darifenacin (patient information)]],
-[[Darunavir (patient information)]],
-[[Dapsone]],
-[[Desipramine (patient information)]],
-[[Dexmethylphenidate]],
-[[Dextromethorphan]],
-[[Diazepam]],
-[[Diazinon]],
-[[Diclofenac Ophthalmic (patient information)]],
-[[Dicyclomine (patient information)]],
-[[Didanosine (patient information)]],
-[[Diethylcathinone]],
-[[Diethylpropion (patient information)]],
-[[Diflunisal]],
-[[Difluoroethane]],
-[[Digoxin]],
-[[Diphenhydramine]],
-[[Dipivefrin Ophthalmic (patient information)]],
-[[Disopyramide (patient information)]],
-[[Disulfiram]],
-[[Dorzolamide and Timolol Ophthalmic (patient information)]],
-[[Dosulepin hydrochloride]],
-[[Duloxetine]],
-[[Enfuvirtide Injection (patient information)]],
-[[Ergoloid Mesylates (patient information)]],
-[[Eslicarbazepine acetate]],
-[[Estazolam (patient information)]],
-[[Ethcathinone]],
-[[Ethchlorvynol]],
-[[Etodolac]],
-[[Etonogestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol Vaginal Ring]],
-[[Exenatide Injection (patient information)]],
-[[Fenoprofen (patient information)]],
-[[Fexofenadine and Pseudoephedrine (patient information)]],
-[[Flavoxate]],
-[[Flumazenil]],
-[[Fluphenazine (patient information)]], [[Flurazepam]],
-[[Fosamprenavir (patient information)]],
-[[Furosemide (patient information)]],
-[[Gabapentin (patient information)]],
-[[Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid]],
-[[Gatifloxacin (patient information)]],
-[[Gemfibrozil (patient information)]],
-[[Glimepiride (patient information)]],
-[[Glipizide (patient information)]],
-[[Glyburide (patient information)]],
-[[Glyburide and Metformin (patient information)]],
-[[Glycopyrrolate]],
-[[Granisetron (patient information)]],
-[[Haloperidol]],
-[[Homatropine]],
-[[Hydrocortisone, Neomycin, and Polymyxin (patient information)]],
-[[Hydrochlorothiazide]]
-[[Hydroxychloroquine (patient information)]],
-[[Hydroxypropyl cellulose]],
-[[Hyoscyamine (patient information)]],
-[[Imipramine (patient information)]],
-[[Indapamide (patient information)]],
-[[Indomethacin (patient information)]],
-[[Infliximab Injection (patient information)]],
-[[Insulin Aspart (rDNA Origin) Injection (patient information)]],
-[[Insulin Detemir (rDNA Origin) Injection (patient information)]],
-[[Insulin Glargine (rDNA origin) Injection (patient information)]],
-[[Insulin Glulisine (rDNA origin) Injection (patient information)]],
-[[Insulin Human (rDNA Origin) Inhalation (patient information)]],
-[[Insulin Injection (patient information)]],
-[[Insulin lispro injection (patient information)]],
-[[Ipratropium and Albuterol Inhalation (patient information)]],
-[[Ipratropium Oral Inhalation (patient information)]],
-[[Isosorbide (patient information)]],
-[[Ivabradine]],
-[[Ketorolac Ophthalmic (patient information)]],
-[[Ketotifen Ophthalmic (patient information)]],
-[[Lacosamide]],
-[[Lamotrigine (patient information)]],
-[[Lanthanum (patient information)]],
-[[Levobupivacaine]],
-[[Lidocaine Viscous (patient information)]],
-[[Lodoxamide Ophthalmic (patient information)]],
-[[Lofepramine]], [[Lorcaserin]],
-[[Lomotil]],
-[[Lorazepam (patient information)]],
-[[Loxapine Oral (patient information)]],
-[[Meclofenamate (patient information)]],
-[[Medroxyprogesterone (patient information)]],
-[[Mefenamic acid]],
-[[Megestrol (patient information)]],
-[[Meperidine (patient information)]],
-[[Mepenzolate bromide]],
-[[Metformin (patient information)]],
-[[Methocarbamol Oral (patient information)]],
-[[Methotrexate (patient information)]],
-[[Methylphenidate Transdermal (patient information)]],
-[[Metipranolol]],
-[[Metipranolol Ophthalmic (patient information)]],
-[[Miconazole Injection (patient information)]],
-[[Miglitol (patient information)]],
-[[Minocycline Oral (patient information)]],
-[[Minoxidil]], [[Mitomycin]],
-[[Moclobemide]],
-[[Moricizine (patient information)]],
-[[Morphine Oral (patient information)]],
-[[Morphine rectal (patient information)]],
-[[Motofen]],
-[[Moxifloxacin ophthalmic (patient information)]],
-[[Nalbuphine]],
-[[Naltrexone (patient information)]],
-[[Nateglinide oral (patient information)]],
-[[Nedocromil ophthalmic (patient information)]],
-[[Nefazodone (patient information)]],
-[[Nepafenac ophthalmic (patient information)]],
-[[Niacin]],
-[[Nitroglycerin ointment (patient information)]],
-[[Nitroglycerin skin patches (patient information)]],
-[[Nitroglycerin Tablets, Capsules, and Sprays (patient information)]],
-[[Norethindrone (patient information)]],
-[[Nortriptyline (patient information)]],
-[[Ofloxacin ophthalmic (patient information)]],
-[[Olanzapine (patient information)]],
-[[Olopatadine (ophthalmic)]],
-[[Olsalazine]],
-[[Ondansetron injection (patient information)]],
-[[Oprelvekin]],
-[[Orphenadrine (patient information)]],
-[[Oxazepam (patient information)]],
-[[Oxcarbazepine]],
-[[Oxybutynin (patient information)]],
-[[Oxybutynin transdermal (patient information)]],
-[[Paliperidone (patient information)]],
-[[Pegaptanib]],
-[[Peginterferon alfa-2a (patient information)]],
-[[Pentamidine Isethionate]],
-[[Perphenazine oral (patient information)]],
-[[Phentermine]],
-[[Phenytoin oral (patient information)]],
-[[Pilocarpine ophthalmic (patient information)]],
-[[Pioglitazone (patient information)]],
-[[Pralidoxime]],
-[[Prazepam (patient information)]],
-[[Prazosin and polythiazide (patient information)]],
-[[Prednisolone ophthalmic (patient information)]],
-[[Pregabalin (patient information)]],
-[[Primaquine (patient information)]],
-[[Primidone (patient information)]],
-[[Prochlorperazine]],
-[[Procyclidine (patient information)]],
-[[Prograf]],
-[[Promethazine (patient information)]],
-[[Propafenone (patient information)]],
-[[Propantheline (patient information)]],
-[[Protriptyline (patient information)]],
-[[Pyridostigmine (patient information)]],
-[[Quetiapine (patient information)]],
-[[Quinidine Oral (patient information)]],
-[[Rasagiline (patient information)]],
-[[Repaglinide (patient information)]],
-[[Rimexolone]],
-[[Risperidone (patient information)]],
-[[Rituximab injection (patient information)]],
-[[Rivastigmine (patient information)]],
-[[Rogaine (drug)]],
-[[Ropivacaine]],
-[[Rosiglitazone (patient information)]],
-[[Salmeterol oral inhalation (patient information)]],
-[[Scopolamine]],
-[[Scopolamine patch (patient information)]],
-[[Sildenafil (patient information)]],
-[[Sodium oxybate (patient information)]],
-[[Solifenacin (patient information)]],
-[[Spironolactone (patient information)]],
-[[Sulindac (patient information)]],
-[[Tacrolimus]],
-[[Tadalafil (patient information)]],
-[[Tamsulosin (patient information)]],
-[[Tartrazine]],
-[[Tegaserod (patient information)]],
-[[Telithromycin (patient information)]],
-[[Temazepam (patient information)]],
-[[Terazosin (patient information)]],
-[[Tetrahydrozoline Ophthalmic (patient information)]],
-[[Thalidomide]],
-[[Thallous Chloride Tl 201]],
-[[Thioridazine hydrochloride]],
-[[Thiothixene Oral (patient information)]],
-[[Tiludronate (patient information)]],
-[[Tiotropium Oral Inhalation (patient information)]],
-[[Tipranavir (patient information)]],
-[[Tobramycin Ophthalmic (patient information)]],
-[[Tolazamide (patient information)]],
-[[Tolbutamide (patient information)]],
-[[Tranylcypromine (patient information)]],
-[[Travoprost Ophthalmic (patient information)]],
-[[Trazodone (patient information)]],
-[[Triazolam (patient information)]],
-[[Tricyclic antidepressant]],
-[[Trifluoperazine Oral (patient information)]],
-[[Trihexyphenidyl]],
-[[Trimethobenzamide (patient information)]],
-[[Trimipramine (patient information)]],
-[[Tropicamide]],
-[[Trospium]],
-[[Trospium (patient information)]],
-[[Valproic Acid (patient information)]],
-[[Vardenafil (patient information)]],
-[[Venlafaxine]],
-[[Verteporfin]],
-[[Voriconazole (patient information)]],
-[[Vorinostat (patient information)]],
-[[Ziprasidone (patient information)]],
-[[Zolpidem (patient information)]],
-[[Zopiclone]],
-|-
+OR
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-|'''Ear Nose Throat'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
-|-
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-|'''Endocrine'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" |
-[[Diabetes insipidus]],
-[[Diabetes mellitus]],
-[[Graves ophthalmopathy]],
-[[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]]
-[[Prediabetes]],
-|-
+The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Pericarditis_causes#Overview here].
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+==Differentiating ((Page name)) from other Diseases==
-|'''Environmental'''
+[Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as [differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].
-| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
-|-
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-|'''Gastroenterologic'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" |
-[[Insulinoma]],
-|-
+OR
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-|'''Genetic'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
-|-
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-|'''Hematologic'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Hyperviscosity]]
-|-
+[Disease name] must be differentiated from [[differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+==Epidemiology and Demographics==
-|'''Iatrogenic'''
+The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
-| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
-|-
+OR
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-|'''Infectious Disease'''
+In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
-| bgcolor="Beige" |
-[[Botulism]],
-[[Cryptococcosis]],
-[[Cysticercosis]],
-[[Cytomegalovirus retinitis]],
-[[Henipavirus]],
-|-
+OR
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-|'''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
-|-
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-|'''Neurologic'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" |
-[[Cerebral arteriovenous malformation]],
-[[Hwabyeong]],
-[[Machado-Joseph disease]],
-[[Migraine]],
-[[Multiple sclerosis]],
-[[Neuroglycopenia]],
-[[Post-concussion syndrome]],
-[[Subdural hematoma]],
-[[Vertebrobasilar insufficiency]],
-Chiasma syndrome,
-|-
+In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate of [number range]%.
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-|'''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" |
-[[Hypoglycemia]],
-[[Ornithine translocase deficiency]],
-|-
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-|'''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" |
-[[HELLP syndrome]],
-|-
+Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-|'''Oncologic'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" |
-[[Intraocular lymphoma]],
-|-
+OR
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-|'''Opthalmologic'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" |
-[[Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy]],
-[[Asthenopia]],
-[[Astigmatism (eye)]],
-[[Central serous retinopathy]],
-[[Coats disease]],
-[[Convergence insufficiency]],
-[[Corneal abrasion]],
-[[Diabetic retinopathy]],
-[[Fuchs' dystrophy]],
-[[Fungal keratitis]],
-[[Hyperopia]],
-[[Iritis]],
-[[Macular degeneration]],
-[[Optic neuritis]],
-[[Refractive error]],
-[[Reiter's Syndrome]],
-[[Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy]],
-[[Uveitis]],
-Dry eye, poor tear film,
-Extraocular muscle paralysis
-|-
+The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-|'''Overdose / Toxicity'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" |
-[[Aliskiren (patient information)]],
-[[Amiodarone Oral (patient information)]],
-[[Atenolol (patient information)]],
-[[Benztropine Mesylate Oral (patient information)]],
-[[Bisoprolol (patient information)]],
-[[Bosentan (patient information)]],
-[[Buprenorphine Sublingual and Buprenorphine and Naloxone Sublingual (patient information)]],
-[[Buspirone (patient information)]],
-[[Carbamazepine (patient information)]],
-[[Clitocybe dealbata]],
-[[Clomiphene (patient information)]],
-[[Deadly nightshade]],
-[[Dextroamphetamine and Amphetamine (patient information)]],
-[[Dihydroergotamine Injection and Nasal Spray (patient information)]],
-[[Doxepin Topical (patient information)]],
-[[Eplerenone (patient information)]],
-[[Esomeprazole (patient information)]],
-[[Fluticasone and Salmeterol Oral Inhalation (patient information)]],
-[[Isocarboxazid (patient information)]],
-[[Levalbuterol Oral Inhalation (patient information)]],
-[[Lidocaine Transdermal (patient information)]],
-[[Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide (patient information)]],
-[[Meperidine (patient information)]],
-[[Morphine Oral (patient information)]],
-[[Muscarine]],
-[[Niacin]],
-[[Olmesartan (patient information)]],
-[[Omeprazole (patient information)]],
-[[Oprelvekin]],
-[[Pamidronate injection (patient information)]],
-[[Pergolide (patient information)]],
-[[Pimozide (patient information)]],
-[[Primaquine (patient information)]],
-[[Risperidone (patient information)]],
-[[Rivastigmine (patient information)]],
-[[Salmeterol oral inhalation (patient information)]],
-[[Sulindac (patient information)]],
-[[Tamsulosin (patient information)]],
-[[Temik]],
-[[Tiotropium Oral Inhalation (patient information)]],
-[[Topiramate]],
-[[Vardenafil (patient information)]],
-[[Hypervitaminosis A]],
-|-
+OR
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-|'''Psychiatric'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" |
-[[Panic attack]],
-|-
+[Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-|'''Pulmonary'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
-|-
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-|'''Renal / Electrolyte'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
-|-
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-|'''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" |
-[[Temporal arteritis]],
-[[Myasthenia]]
-|-
+OR
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-|'''Sexual'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
-|-
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-|'''Trauma'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" |
-[[Traumatic brain injury]],
-|-
+[Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-|'''Urologic'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Reiter's Syndrome]],
-|-
+OR
-|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-|'''Miscellaneous'''
-| bgcolor="Beige" |
-[[Anesthesia]],
-[[Computer vision syndrome]],
-[[Orthostatic hypotension]],
-[[Carbon dioxide narcosis]],
-|-
+[Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].
-|}
-==Causes in Alphabetical Order<ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>==
-{{MultiCol}}
+There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
-*[[3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate]]
-*[[Acetazolamide]]
-*[[Acetohexamide ]]
-*[[Acute angle-closure glaucoma]]
-*[[Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy]]
-*[[Aldicarb]]
-*[[Alfuzosin ]]
-*[[Aliskiren ]]
-*[[Alpha-Methyltryptamine]]
-*[[Amantadine ]]
-*[[Amiodarone Oral ]]
-*[[Amitriptyline ]]
-*[[Amphotericin B Injection ]]
-*[[Amprenavir ]]
-*[[Anastrozole ]]
-*[[Anesthesia]]
-*[[Anticholinergic]]
-*[[Antihistamine]]
-*[[Aripiprazole ]]
-*[[Asthenopia]]
-*[[Astigmatism (eye)]]
-*[[Atenolol ]]
-*[[Atropine]]
-*[[Avacor]]
-*[[Azelastine Ophthalmic ]]
-*[[Belladonna Alkaloid Combinations and Phenobarbital ]]
-*[[Benzatropine]]
-*[[Benzodiazepine]]
-*[[Benztropine Mesylate Oral ]]
-*[[Bepridil ]]
-*[[Bimatoprost]]
-*[[Biperiden]]
-*[[Bismuth Subsalicylate, Metronidazole, and Tetracycline Combination ]]
-*[[Bisoprolol ]]
-*[[Bortezomib ]]
-*[[Bosentan ]]
-*[[Botulinum toxin]]
-*[[Botulism]]
-*[[Brimonidine Ophthalmic ]]
-*[[Brinzolamide Ophthalmic ]]
-*[[Bupivacaine]]
-*[[Buprenorphine Sublingual and Buprenorphine and Naloxone Sublingual ]]
-*[[Buspirone ]]
-*[[Butanethiol]]
-*[[Butorphanol]]
-*[[Carbamazepine ]]
-*[[Carbon dioxide narcosis]]
-*[[Carvedilol ]]
-*[[Cataracts]]
-*[[Central serous retinopathy]]
-*[[Cerebral arteriovenous malformation]]
-*[[Cetuximab Injection ]]
-*[[Cevimeline]]
-*Chiasma syndrome
-*[[Chlordiazepoxide ]]
-*[[Chloroquine]]
-*[[Chlorpropamide ]]
-*[[Clitocybe dealbata]]
-*[[Clomiphene ]]
-*[[Clonazepam ]]
-*[[Clorazepate ]]
-*[[Coats disease]]
-*[[Colistimethate Injection ]]
-*[[Computer vision syndrome]]
-*Congenital disorders
-*[[Conjunctivitis]]
-*[[Convergence insufficiency]]
-*[[Corneal abrasion]]
-*[[Corneal irregularity or abrasion]]
-*[[Cryptococcosis]]
-*[[Cyclizine]]
-*[[Cyclosporine Ophthalmic ]]
-*[[Cysticercosis]]
-*[[Cytarabine ]]
-*[[Cytomegalovirus retinitis]]
-*[[Dapiprazole Ophthalmic ]]
-*[[Darifenacin ]]
-*[[Darunavir ]]
-*[[Deadly nightshade]]
-*[[Desipramine ]]
-*[[Dexmethylphenidate]]
-*[[Dextroamphetamine and Amphetamine ]]
-*[[Dextromethorphan]]
-*[[Diabetes insipidus]]
-*[[Diabetes mellitus]]
-*[[Diabetic retinopathy]]
-*[[Diazepam]]
-*[[Diazinon]]
-*[[Diclofenac Ophthalmic ]]
-*[[Dicyclomine ]]
-*[[Didanosine ]]
-*[[Diethylcathinone]]
-*[[Diethylpropion ]]
-*[[Difluoroethane]]
-*[[Digoxin]]
-*[[Dihydroergotamine Injection and Nasal Spray ]]
-*[[Diphenhydramine]]
-*[[Dipivefrin Ophthalmic ]]
-*[[Disopyramide ]]
-*[[Disulfiram ]]
-*[[Dorzolamide and Timolol Ophthalmic ]]
-*[[Dosulepin hydrochloride]]
-*[[Doxepin ]]
-*Dry eye, poor tear film
-*[[Duloxetine]]
-*[[Enfuvirtide Injection ]]
-*[[Eplerenone ]]
-*[[Ergoloid Mesylates ]]
-*[[Esomeprazole ]]
-*[[Estazolam ]]
-*[[Ethcathinone]]
-*[[Ethchlorvynol]]
-*[[Etodolac ]]
-*[[Exenatide Injection ]]
-{{ColBreak}}
-*Extraocular muscle paralysis
-*[[Fatigue]]
-*[[Fenoprofen ]]
-*[[Fexofenadine and Pseudoephedrine ]]
-*[[Flavoxate ]]
-*[[Flumazenil]]
-*[[Fluphenazine ]]
-*[[Fluticasone and Salmeterol Oral Inhalation ]]
-*[[Fosamprenavir ]]
-*[[Fuchs' dystrophy]]
-*[[Fungal keratitis]]
-*[[Furosemide ]]
-*[[Gabapentin ]]
-*[[Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid]]
-*[[Gatifloxacin ]]
-*[[Gemfibrozil ]]
-*[[Glaucoma]]
-*[[Glimepiride ]]
-*[[Glipizide ]]
-*[[Glyburide ]]
-*[[Glycopyrrolate ]]
-*[[Granisetron ]]
-*[[Graves ophthalmopathy]]
-*[[Guanfacine]]
-*[[H1 antihistamine]]
-*[[Hawaiian baby woodrose]]
-*[[Head trauma]]
-*[[HELLP syndrome]]
-*[[Henipavirus]]
-*[[Homatropine]]
-*[[Hwabyeong]]
-*[[Hydrocortisone, Neomycin, and Polymyxin ]]
-*[[Hydroxychloroquine ]]
-*[[Hyoscyamine ]]
-*[[Hyperbaric medicine]]
-*[[Hypercoagulation]]
-*[[Hyperglycemia]]
-*[[Hyperopia]]
-*[[Hypertension]]
-*[[Hyperviscosity]]
-*[[Hypervitaminosis A]]
-*[[Hypoglycemia]]
-*[[Imipramine ]]
-*[[Indapamide ]]
-*[[Indometacin]]
-*[[Indomethacin ]]
-*Infection, inflammation or injury of cornea
-*[[Infliximab Injection ]]
-*[[Insulin Aspart (rDNA Origin) Injection ]]
-*Insulin lispro injection
-*[[Insulinoma]]
-*[[Intraocular lymphoma]]
-*[[Ipratropium Oral Inhalation ]]
-*[[Iritis]]
-*[[Isocarboxazid ]]
-*[[Isosorbide ]]
-*[[Ivabradine]]
-*[[Ketorolac Ophthalmic ]]
-*[[Ketotifen Ophthalmic ]]
-*[[Lamotrigine ]]
-*[[Lanthanum ]]
-*[[Levalbuterol Oral Inhalation ]]
-*[[Levobupivacaine]]
-*[[Lidocaine Transdermal ]]
-*[[Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide ]]
-*[[Lodoxamide Ophthalmic ]]
-*[[Lofepramine]]
-*[[Lomotil]]
-*[[Loprazolam]]
-*[[Lorazepam ]]
-*[[Loxapine Oral ]]
-*[[Machado-Joseph disease]]
-*[[Macular degeneration]]
-*Macular disease
-*[[Meclofenamate ]]
-*[[Medroxyprogesterone ]]
-*[[Mefenamic acid]]
-*[[Megestrol ]]
-*[[Meperidine ]]
-*[[Metformin ]]
-*[[Methocarbamol Oral ]]
-*[[Methotrexate ]]
-*[[Methylphenidate Transdermal ]]
-*[[Metipranolol Ophthalmic ]]
-*[[Miconazole Injection ]]
-*[[Miglitol ]]
-*[[Migraine]]
-*[[Minocycline Oral ]]
-*[[Minoxidil]]
-*[[Moclobemide]]
-*[[Monocrotophos]]
-*[[Moricizine ]]
-*[[Morphine Oral ]]
-*[[Motofen]]
-*[[Moxifloxacin ophthalmic ]]
-*[[Multiple sclerosis]]
-*[[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]]
-*[[Muscarine]]
-*[[Mushroom poisoning]]
-*[[Myasthenia]]
-*[[Nalbuphine]]
-*[[Naltrexone ]]
-*[[Nateglinide oral ]]
-*[[Nedocromil ophthalmic ]]
-*[[Nefazodone ]]
-*[[Nepafenac ophthalmic ]]
-*[[Neurocardiogenic Syncope]]
-*[[Neuroglycopenia]]
-*[[Niacin]]
-*[[Nitroglycerin ointment ]]
-*[[Norethindrone ]]
-*[[Nortriptyline ]]
-*Ocular media opacity
-*[[Oculotect]]
-*[[Ofloxacin ophthalmic ]]
-*[[Olanzapine ]]
-{{ColBreak}}
-*[[Olmesartan ]]
-*[[Olopatadine ophthalmic ]]
-*[[Omeprazole ]]
-*[[Ondansetron injection ]]
-*[[Optic neuritis]]
-*[[Ornithine translocase deficiency]]
-*[[Orphenadrine ]]
-*[[Orthostatic hypotension]]
-*[[Orthostatic intolerance]]
-*[[Oxazepam ]]
-*[[Oxcarbazepine]]
-*[[Oxybutynin ]]
-*[[Paliperidone ]]
-*[[Pamidronate injection ]]
-*[[Panic disorder]]
-*[[Parasites]]
-*[[Peginterferon alfa-2a ]]
-*[[Pentamidine Isethionate Injection ]]
-*[[Pergolide ]]
-*[[Periphlebitis retinae]]
-*[[Perphenazine oral ]]
-*[[Phentermine]]
-*[[Phenytoin oral ]]
-*[[Pilocarpine ophthalmic ]]
-*[[Pimozide ]]
-*[[Pioglitazone ]]
-*[[PMA]]
-*[[Post-concussion syndrome]]
-*[[Pralidoxime]]
-*[[Prazepam ]]
-*[[Prazosin and polythiazide ]]
-*[[Prediabetes]]
-*[[Prednisolone]]
-*[[Pregabalin ]]
-*[[Presbyopia]]
-*[[Primaquine ]]
-*[[Primidone ]]
-*[[Prochlorperazine]]
-*[[Procyclidine ]]
-*[[Prograf]]
-*Prolonged exposure to the outdoors
-*[[Promethazine ]]
-*[[Propafenone ]]
-*[[Propantheline ]]
-*[[Protriptyline ]]
-*[[Pyridostigmine ]]
-*[[Quetiapine ]]
-*[[Quinidine Oral ]]
-*[[Rasagiline ]]
-*[[Refractive error]]
-*[[Reiter's Syndrome]]
-*[[Repaglinide ]]
-*[[Retinal detachment]]
-*[[Risperidone ]]
-*[[Rituximab injection ]]
-*[[Rivastigmine ]]
-*[[Rogaine (drug)]]
-*[[Ropivacaine]]
-*[[Rosiglitazone ]]
-*[[Salmeterol oral inhalation ]]
-*[[Scopolamine]]
-*Seizure disorders
-*[[Sildenafil ]]
-*[[Sleep deprivation]]
-*[[Sodium oxybate ]]
-*[[Solifenacin ]]
-*[[Spironolactone ]]
-*[[SSRI discontinuation syndrome]]
-*[[Subdural hematoma]]
-*[[Sulindac ]]
-*[[Tacrolimus]]
-*[[Tadalafil ]]
-*[[Tamsulosin ]]
-*[[Tartrazine]]
-*[[Tegaserod ]]
-*[[Telithromycin ]]
-*[[Temazepam ]]
-*[[Temik]]
-*[[Temporal arteritis]]
-*[[Terazosin ]]
-*[[Tetrahydrozoline Ophthalmic ]]
-*[[Thioridazine hydrochloride]]
-*[[Thiothixene Oral ]]
-*[[Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy]]
-*[[Tiludronate ]]
-*[[Tiotropium Oral Inhalation ]]
-*[[Tipranavir ]]
-*[[Tobramycin Ophthalmic ]]
-*[[Tolazamide ]]
-*[[Tolbutamide ]]
-*[[Topiramate]]
-*[[Trachoma]]
-*[[Tranylcypromine ]]
-*[[Traumatic brain injury]]
-*[[Travoprost Ophthalmic ]]
-*[[Trazodone ]]
-*[[Triazolam ]]
-*[[Tricyclic antidepressant]]
-*[[Trifluoperazine Oral ]]
-*[[Trihexyphenidyl ]]
-*[[Trimethobenzamide ]]
-*[[Trimipramine ]]
-*[[Tropicamide]]
-*[[Trospium ]]
-*[[Uveitis]]
-*[[Valproic Acid ]]
-*[[Vardenafil ]]
-*Vasculopathy
-*[[Vertebrobasilar insufficiency]]
-*[[Verteporfin]]
-*[[Viral]]
-*[[Voriconazole ]]
-*[[Vorinostat ]]
-*[[Ziprasidone ]]
-*[[Zolpidem ]]
-*[[Zopiclone]]
-{{EndMultiCol}}
-==Differentiating blurred vision from other diseases==
+OR
-==Epidemiology and Demographics==
+[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
+[Disease name] affects men and women equally.
+OR
+[Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
+The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
+OR
+[Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
 ==Risk Factors==
+There are no established risk factors for [disease name].
+OR
+The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
+OR
+Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
+OR
+Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
 ==Screening==
+There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for [disease/malignancy].
+OR
+According to the [guideline name], screening for [disease name] is not recommended.
+OR
+According to the [guideline name], screening for [disease name] by [test 1] is recommended every [duration] among patients with [condition 1], [condition 2], and [condition 3].
 ==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
+If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
+OR
+Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
+OR
+Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
 ==Diagnosis==
-===Diagnosis Study of Choice===
+===Diagnostic Study of Choice===
+The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].
+OR
+The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which include [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
+OR
+The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [definition name] definition, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
+OR
+There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].
 ===History and Symptoms===
+The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.
-*Detailed history important, including the following:
+OR
-*:*Progression of symptoms
-*:*Duration of symptoms
-*:*Near or farsighted
-*:*Binocular or uniocular
-*:*Permanent or transient
-*Associated symptoms
-*Past medical history
+The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Common symptoms of [disease] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Less common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].
 ===Physical Examination===
+Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance]. Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
+OR
+Common physical examination findings of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
+OR
+The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].
+OR
+The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].
+===Laboratory Findings===
+An elevated/reduced concentration of serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].
+OR
-====Eyes====
+Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].
-*Complete ophthalmologic exam including:
+OR
-*:*Dilated fundus exam
-*:*Slit-lamp examination
-*:*Visual acuity
-*:*Dry or irritated eyes
-*:*Improvement of vision with pinhole
-====Ear Nose and Throat====
+[Test] is usually normal among patients with [disease name].
-For ENT palpate the temporal area to determine if there is a pain in the temporal area to suggest [[temporal arteritis]]
-*Neurologic exam if necessary
+OR
-===Laboratory Findings===
+Some patients with [disease name] may have elevated/reduced concentration of [test], which is usually suggestive of [progression/complication].
-*[[Complete blood count]] ([[CBC]])
+OR
-*Random or fasting [[blood sugar]]
-*:*Repeat [[glucose]] (if initial [[glucose]] is elevated)
-*[[Partial thromboplastin time]] (PTT)
-*[[Prothrombin time]] (PT)
-*[[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]] is very important to rule out [[temporal arteritis]]
+There are no diagnostic laboratory findings associated with [disease name].
 ===Electrocardiogram===
+There are no ECG findings associated with [disease name].
+OR
+An ECG may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an ECG suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
 ===X-ray===
+There are no x-ray findings associated with [disease name].
+OR
+An x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an x-ray suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
+OR
+There are no x-ray findings associated with [disease name]. However, an x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
 ===Echocardiography or Ultrasound===
+There are no echocardiography/ultrasound  findings associated with [disease name].
+OR
+Echocardiography/ultrasound  may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an echocardiography/ultrasound suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
+OR
+There are no echocardiography/ultrasound  findings associated with [disease name]. However, an echocardiography/ultrasound  may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
 ===CT scan===
+There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name].
+OR
+[Location] CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on CT scan suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
+OR
+There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name]. However, a CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
 ===MRI===
+There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name].
+OR
+[Location] MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on MRI suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
+OR
+There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name]. However, a MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
 ===Other Imaging Findings===
+There are no other imaging findings associated with [disease name].
+OR
+[Imaging modality] may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an [imaging modality] suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
 ===Other Diagnostic Studies===
+There are no other diagnostic studies associated with [disease name].
+OR
+[Diagnostic study] may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
+OR
+Other diagnostic studies for [disease name] include [diagnostic study 1], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3], and [diagnostic study 2], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
 ==Treatment==
+===Medical Therapy===
+There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
-===Medical Therapy===
+OR
-*Treat underlying pathologies
+Supportive therapy for [disease name] includes [therapy 1], [therapy 2], and [therapy 3].
-*For dry eyes, lubrication
-*Appropriate treatment for hyperviscosity
-*Antiseizure prophylaxis (seizure disorders)
+OR
+The majority of cases of [disease name] are self-limited and require only supportive care.
+OR
+[Disease name] is a medical emergency and requires prompt treatment.
+OR
+The mainstay of treatment for [disease name] is [therapy].
+OR The optimal therapy for [malignancy name] depends on the stage at diagnosis.
+OR
+[Therapy] is recommended among all patients who develop [disease name].
+OR
+Pharmacologic medical therapy is recommended among patients with [disease subclass 1], [disease subclass 2], and [disease subclass 3].
+OR
+Pharmacologic medical therapies for [disease name] include (either) [therapy 1], [therapy 2], and/or [therapy 3].
+OR
+Empiric therapy for [disease name] depends on [disease factor 1] and [disease factor 2].
+OR
+Patients with [disease subclass 1] are treated with [therapy 1], whereas patients with [disease subclass 2] are treated with [therapy 2].
 ===Surgery===
+Surgical intervention is not recommended for the management of [disease name].
+OR
+Surgery is not the first-line treatment option for patients with [disease name]. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either [indication 1], [indication 2], and [indication 3]
-*Glasses or contact lenses for blurred vision due to refractive errors
+OR
-*Possible surgical repair for retinal detachment
-*Temporal artery biopsy may be needed
+The mainstay of treatment for [disease name] is medical therapy. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either [indication 1], [indication 2], and/or [indication 3].
+OR
+The feasibility of surgery depends on the stage of [malignancy] at diagnosis.
+OR
+Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for [disease or malignancy].
 ===Primary Prevention===
+There are no established measures for the primary prevention of [disease name].
+OR
+There are no available vaccines against [disease name].
+OR
+Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
+OR
+[Vaccine name] vaccine is recommended for [patient population] to prevent [disease name]. Other primary prevention strategies include [strategy 1], [strategy 2], and [strategy 3].
 ===Secondary Prevention===
+There are no established measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name].
+OR
+Effective measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name] include [strategy 1], [strategy 2], and [strategy 3].
 ==References==
 {{reflist|2}}