Bacterial vaginosis natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Bot: Removing from Primary care)
 
(2 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 55: Line 55:
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


 
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Gynecology]]
[[Category:Gynecology]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 20:34, 29 July 2020

Sexually transmitted diseases Main Page

Vaginitis Main Page

Bacterial vaginosis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Bacterial vaginosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Amsel Criteria

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Bacterial vaginosis natural history, complications and prognosis On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Bacterial vaginosis natural history, complications and prognosis

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Bacterial vaginosis natural history, complications and prognosis

CDC on Bacterial vaginosis natural history, complications and prognosis

Bacterial vaginosis natural history, complications and prognosis in the news

Blogs on Bacterial vaginosis natural history, complications and prognosis

Directions to Hospitals Treating Bacterial vaginosis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Bacterial vaginosis natural history, complications and prognosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [2]

Overview

Most women found to have bacterial vaginosis (BV) reported no symptoms. In symptomatic patients, bacterial vaginosis may present with vaginal odor and white/gray vaginal discharge.[1] If left untreated, bacterial vaginosis may lead to more serious sequelae, such as salpingitis, endometritis, bacteremia, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). In most cases, BV causes no complications. However, some complication of bacterial vaginosis may include endometritis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), bacteremia, and increase a woman's susceptibility to other STDs.[2][3][4] Additionally, one third of pregnant women found to have a bacterial vaginosis. If left untreated, in pregnant women bacterial vaginosis may result in a serious complication of pregnancy, including premature rupture of membranes, premature labor, chorioamnionitis, postpartum endometritis, and septic abortion.[5][6]

Natural History

Most women found to have bacterial vaginosis (BV) reported no symptoms. Women who have not had vaginal, oral, or anal sex can still be affected by bacterial vaginosis. In symptomatic patients, bacterial vaginosis may present as a ‘fishy’ vaginal odor and a gray/white vaginal discharge.[1] If left untreated, bacterial vaginosis may lead to more serious sequelae, such as salpingitis, endometritis, bacteremia, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). If left untreated, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) may lead to infertility or damage the fallopian tubes enough to increase the future risk of ectopic pregnancy.[2][3]

Bacterial Vaginosis during Pregnancy

Approximately one third of pregnant women found to have a bacterial vaginosis. Pregnant women with BV more often have babies who are born premature or with low birth weight (low birth weight is less than 5.5 pounds). If left untreated, in pregnant women bacterial vaginosis may result in a serious complication of pregnancy, including premature rupture of membranes, premature labor, chorioamnionitis, postpartum endometritis, and septic abortion.[5][6]

Complications

In most cases, BV causes no complications. However, some complication of bacterial vaginosis may include:[2][3]

Complications following Gynecologic Procedures

Some serious complications from bacterial vaginosis following surgical procedures (such as hysterectomy and Iinduced abortion) include:[4][8][9]

Complications in Pregnancy

Some serious complications from bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy include:[5][6][10]

Prognosis

With treatment, bacterial vaginosis is associated with a good prognosis. However, bacterial vaginosis may associated with adverse outcomes in pregnancy.[3]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) Statisticshttp://www.cdc.gov/std/bv/stats.htm Accessed on October 18, 2016
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Laxmi U, Agrawal S, Raghunandan C, et al. Association of bacterial vaginosis with adverse fetomaternal outcome in women with spontaneous preterm labor: a prospective cohort study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012;25:64–7.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Koumans EH, Kendrick JS, CDC Bacterial Vaginosis Working Group (2001). "Preventing adverse sequelae of bacterial vaginosis: a public health program and research agenda". Sex Transm Dis. 28 (5): 292–7. PMID 11354269.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Persson E, Bergström M, Larsson PG, Moberg P, Platz-Christensen JJ, Schedvins K; et al. (1996). "Infections after hysterectomy. A prospective nation-wide Swedish study. The Study Group on Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology within the Swedish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology". Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 75 (8): 757–61. PMID 8906013.
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Chaim, W., M. Mazor, and J. R. Leiberman. "The relationship between bacterial vaginosis and preterm birth. A review." Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 259.2 (1997): 51-58.
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 Faro S, Martens M, Maccato M, Hammill H, Pearlman M (1993). "Vaginal flora and pelvic inflammatory disease". Am J Obstet Gynecol. 169 (2 Pt 2): 470–4. PMID 8357048.
  7. Martin HL, Richardson BA, Nyange PM, Lavreys L, Hillier SL, Chohan B; et al. (1999). "Vaginal lactobacilli, microbial flora, and risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and sexually transmitted disease acquisition". J Infect Dis. 180 (6): 1863–8. doi:10.1086/315127. PMID 10558942.
  8. Hamark B, Forssman L (1991). "Postabortal endometritis in chlamydia-negative women--association with preoperative clinical signs of infection". Gynecol Obstet Invest. 31 (2): 102–5. PMID 2037257.
  9. Moslemi-Kebria M| title=Predictors of surgical site infection in women undergoing hysterectomy for benign gynecologic disease: a multicenter analysis using the national surgical quality improvement program data. | journal=J Minim Invasive Gynecol | year= 2014 | volume= 21 | issue= 5 | pages= 901-9 | pmid=24768957 | doi=10.1016/j.jmig.2014.04.003 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24768957 }}
  10. Ralph SG, Rutherford AJ, Wilson JD (1999). "Influence of bacterial vaginosis on conception and miscarriage in the first trimester: cohort study". BMJ. 319 (7204): 220–3. PMC 28171. PMID 10417083.

Template:WH Template:WS