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==An Autopsy Report==
==[[Aortic stenosis other imaging findings autopsy|Aortic Stenosis Autopsy Report]]==
A 68-year-old man initially sought medical advice five years prior to his death. His symptoms at that time were [[exercise intolerance]] and occasional [[peripheral edema]]. He gave a history of a "[[heart murmur]]" that was diagnosed 25 years ago during an employment physical. No follow up care had been given for this murmur.
 
The patient's terminal admission was for signs of severe [[heart failure]]--the patient had marked [[peripheral edema]] and [[shortness of breath]] and [[chest x-ray]] revealed significant cardiac enlargement and [[pulmonary edema]] with bilateral [[pleural effusion]]s. He sustained a [[cardiac arrest]] shortly after admission and could not be resuscitated.
 
===Autopsy Findings===  
Autopsy disclosed a markedly enlarged heart weighing 650 grams and having dilated chambers. The aortic valve was calcified and showed evidence of stenosis and insufficiency. The coronary arteries were narrowed 60 to 70% by atherosclerosis. No acute coronary occlusions were found and there was no evidence of [[myocardial infarction]].
 
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Image:Comparison of hypertrophic myocardium and normal Gross.JPG|This is a gross photograph of a cross section of a normal human heart taken at autopsy (right) and the heart from this case, which demonstrates concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricular wall. Note the marked thickening of the left ventricular wall. There is also moderate thickening of the right ventricular wall.
Image:Comparison of hypertrophy and normal myocardial micro 1.JPG|This low-power photomicrograph shows normal myocardium (left) compared to hypertrophied myocardium (right).
 
Image:Comparison of hypertrophy and normal myocardial micro 2.JPG|Normal myocardium (left) is compared here to hypertrophied myocardium (right). The muscle fibers are thicker and the nuclei are larger and darker in the hypertrophied myocardium.The clear spaces between the muscle fibers are due to processing artifacts and are not present during life.
Image:Comparison of hypertrophy and normal myocardial micro 3.JPG|Normal myocardium (left) is compared to hypertrophied myocardium (right). This high power view demonstrates the large dark nuclei (arrow) found in hypertrophied cardiac muscle cells. Polyploidy is a common feature in cardiac hypertrophy. Also note the increased size (thickness) of the individual cardiac muscle cell on the right compared to normal cardiac myocytes (left).
</gallery>
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==References==
==References==

Revision as of 19:11, 25 July 2011

Aortic Stenosis Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Pathological Findings

Images shown below are courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission. © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology

  • Aortic Stenosis, Bicuspid valve: Gross; excellent image of bicuspid and calcific valve showing a false raphe.

    Aortic Stenosis, Bicuspid valve: Gross; excellent image of bicuspid and calcific valve showing a false raphe.

  • Aortic Stenosis, Bicuspid valve: Gross; good example of bicuspid valve

    Aortic Stenosis, Bicuspid valve: Gross; good example of bicuspid valve

  • Aortic Stenosis, Bicuspid valve: Gross; image of bicuspid aortic valve, an excellent example

    Aortic Stenosis, Bicuspid valve: Gross; image of bicuspid aortic valve, an excellent example

  • Aortic Stenosis, Bicuspid valve: Gross; close-up image of bicuspid aortic valve.

    Aortic Stenosis, Bicuspid valve: Gross; close-up image of bicuspid aortic valve.

  • Aortic Stenosis, Bicuspid valve: Gross; close-up image of bicuspid aortic valve.

    Aortic Stenosis, Bicuspid valve: Gross; close-up image of bicuspid aortic valve.

  • Bicuspid aortic valve

    Bicuspid aortic valve

  • Gross natural color opened first portion aortic arch with bicuspid aortic valve shows stenosis and aortic root is dilated

    Gross natural color opened first portion aortic arch with bicuspid aortic valve shows stenosis and aortic root is dilated

  • Aortic Stenosis Bicuspid: Gross; natural color opened left ventricular outflow tract with calcific masses on valve as well as anterior leaflet mitral valve probably did not cause significant stenosis

    Aortic Stenosis Bicuspid: Gross; natural color opened left ventricular outflow tract with calcific masses on valve as well as anterior leaflet mitral valve probably did not cause significant stenosis

  • Bicuspid Aortic Valve with Repaired Aorta Coarctation: Gross natural color opened left ventricular outflow tract with uncomplicated bicuspid aortic valve repaired coarctation barely visible ruptured postoperative young female with ovaries Turner mosaic not ruled out

    Bicuspid Aortic Valve with Repaired Aorta Coarctation: Gross natural color opened left ventricular outflow tract with uncomplicated bicuspid aortic valve repaired coarctation barely visible ruptured postoperative young female with ovaries Turner mosaic not ruled out

  • Bicuspid Aortic Stenosis: Gross; fixed tissue

    Bicuspid Aortic Stenosis: Gross; fixed tissue

  • Aortic Stenosis, Bicuspid: Gross; fixed tissue view of stenotic valve through ventricular outlet track

    Aortic Stenosis, Bicuspid: Gross; fixed tissue view of stenotic valve through ventricular outlet track

  • Aortic Stenosis Bicuspid: Gross; fixed tissue. Bicuspid valve and false raphe classical

    Aortic Stenosis Bicuspid: Gross; fixed tissue. Bicuspid valve and false raphe classical

  • Bicuspid aortic valve

    Bicuspid aortic valve

  • Bicuspid aortic valve

    Bicuspid aortic valve

  • Bicuspid aortic valve

    Bicuspid aortic valve

  • Left ventricular hypertrophy due to bicuspid aortic valve

    Left ventricular hypertrophy due to bicuspid aortic valve

  • Congenital aortic stenosis: Gangrene toe In Infant: Gross, natural color, 1 month old child with congenital aortic stenosis

    Congenital aortic stenosis: Gangrene toe In Infant: Gross, natural color, 1 month old child with congenital aortic stenosis

  • Unicuspid aortic stenosis

    Unicuspid aortic stenosis

Aortic Stenosis Autopsy Report

References

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