Anasarca patient information: Difference between revisions
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==Who is at the Highest Risk== | ==Who is at the Highest Risk== | ||
* Poorly controlled underlying systematic diseases. | *Poorly controlled underlying systematic diseases. | ||
* Severe [[malnutrion]] | *Severe [[malnutrion]] | ||
* Exposure to allergens | *Exposure to allergens | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnostic study of choice depends upon the underlying etiology. Following tests should be carried out: | The diagnostic study of choice depends upon the underlying etiology. Following tests should be carried out: | ||
* Serum BNP, Chest X-ray and Cardiac Echocardiography: To assess heart failure in cardiac failure patients. | |||
* Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, complete metabolic profile and renal ultrasound: To assess renal functions in chronic kidney disease | *Serum [[Brain natriuretic peptide|BNP]], [[Chest X-ray]] and Cardiac [[Echocardiography]]: To assess [[heart failure]] in [[cardiac failure patients]]. | ||
* Liver function tests and coagulation profile test: In patients with liver cirrhosis. | *Serum [[creatinine]], [[blood urea nitrogen]], complete metabolic profile and [[Kidney|renal]] [[ultrasound]]: To assess [[Kidney|renal]] functions in [[Chronic renal failure|chronic kidney disease]] [[patient]]<nowiki/>s. | ||
* Serum albumin level: In protein losing nephropathy, decrease protein intake, and deranged liver functions. | *[[Liver function tests]] and [[coagulation]] profile test: In patients with [[liver]] [[cirrhosis]]. | ||
* Nocturnal sleep studies in obstructive sleep apnea patients. | *Serum [[albumin]] level: In [[protein]] losing [[nephropathy]], decrease [[protein]] intake, and deranged [[liver]] functions. | ||
*Nocturnal [[sleep]] studies in [[obstructive sleep apnea]] patients. | |||
Revision as of 20:09, 1 September 2020
Overview
Anasarca is the presence of excess fluid in the interstitial space throughout the body.
What are the symptoms of Anasarca
The following questions should be asked to the patient regarding edema.
- Onset of the swelling: acute or chronic
- Timing of the day when the swelling is worst.
- Location of swelling. Whether it is unilateral or bilateral.
- Tenderness in the swelling.
- Change in color or blisters at the site of the swelling.
- The exacerbation of edema with changes in the position of the patient.
- Dependent edema occurs in venous insufficiency. It improves with the elevation of legs. The edema with reduced plasma oncotic pressure as underlying etiology is not improved by elevating the legs.
- Medication history.
- Medical history. Any coexisting heart, renal, or liver disease.
What causes Anasarca
- Exacerbation of congestive heart failure
- Exacerbation of chronic renal disease
- Hepatic cirrhosis
- Kwashiorkor disease
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Pregnancy
- Allergic reactions (anaphylaxis or urticaria)
- Adverse effects of medications (beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, alpha-methyl dopa, corticosteroids, testosterone, estrogen, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine)
Who is at the Highest Risk
- Poorly controlled underlying systematic diseases.
- Severe malnutrion
- Exposure to allergens
Diagnosis
The diagnostic study of choice depends upon the underlying etiology. Following tests should be carried out:
- Serum BNP, Chest X-ray and Cardiac Echocardiography: To assess heart failure in cardiac failure patients.
- Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, complete metabolic profile and renal ultrasound: To assess renal functions in chronic kidney disease patients.
- Liver function tests and coagulation profile test: In patients with liver cirrhosis.
- Serum albumin level: In protein losing nephropathy, decrease protein intake, and deranged liver functions.
- Nocturnal sleep studies in obstructive sleep apnea patients.