Actinomycosis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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* Mouth
* Mouth
|Dental problems like tooth decay
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* Dental problems like tooth decay
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|
* Most common type of actinomycosis  
* Most common type of actinomycosis  
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|
* Lungs  
* Lungs  
or
* Pleura
* Associated airways
* Chest wall
|Inhalation of droplets of contaminated fluid
* Mediastinum
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* Inhalation of droplets of contaminated fluid
* Aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions or gastric contents
* Direct extension of cervicofacial infection into the mediastinum
* Transdiaphragmatic or retroperitoneal spread from the abdomen
* Hematogenous spread
|
|
* 15%-20% of cases
* 15%-20% of cases

Revision as of 17:16, 9 March 2017

Actinomycosis Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Pathophysiology

  • Actinomycosis is caused by the bacteria Actinomyces which is a normal commensal of the human oral cavity but less common in the female genital tract and lower gastrointestinal tract.
  • The most frequent manifestation of actinomycosis is cervicofacial actinomycosis. This infection occurs mostly from dental manipulation, dental caries, or oromaxillofacial trauma.
  • The common clinical forms of are:
  • Cervicofacial actinomycosis (lumpy jaw)
  • Thoracic actinomycosis
  • Abdominal actinomycosis
  • Pelvic actinomycosis
  • Dermatologic actinomycosis
  • Pediatric actinomycosis
  • Opthalmological actinomycosis
Types Site of Infection Source of infection Pathogenesis
Cervicofascial actinomycosis
  • Neck
  • Jaw
  • Mouth
  • Dental problems like tooth decay
  • Most common type of actinomycosis
  • 50% of cases
Thoracic actinomycosis
  • Lungs
  • Pleura
  • Chest wall
  • Mediastinum
  • Inhalation of droplets of contaminated fluid
  • Aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions or gastric contents
  • Direct extension of cervicofacial infection into the mediastinum
  • Transdiaphragmatic or retroperitoneal spread from the abdomen
  • Hematogenous spread
  • 15%-20% of cases
Abdominal actinomycosis Abdomen
  • Secondary to abdominal infections like appendicitis

or

  • Accidental swallowing of a foreign body such as, chicken bone containing the actinomycetes bacteria
  • 20% of cases
Pelvic actinomycosis Pelvis
  • Occurs most commonly in woman as the bacteria passes from the female genitals into the pelvis
  • Long term use of IUD type of contraceptive
  • 10% of cases

References

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