Abdominal aortic aneurysm resident survival guide: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Abdominal aortic aneurysm]] (AAAs) are defined as abnormal dilation of abdominal [[aorta]], mostly in infrarenal part of aorta with extension to iliac arteries, up to more than 3 cm in the greatest diameter or dilatation of more than 50% of its diameter. Although AAAs are more common in men than women, women with AAAs have worse prognosis than men. The predisposing factors include male gender, age >75 years, prior [[vascular disease]], [[hypertension]], smoking, family history of cardiovascular disease, [[hypercholesterolemia]]. The incidence of AAAs has continued to rise, of which they remain the leading cause of death in USA. Most AAAs are usually asymptomatic and detected accidentally. Unruptured aneurysms may present mild abdominal or back pain with pulsatile mass while ruptured aneurysms cause severe abdominal or back pain, [[hypotension]] and [[shock]] and they are associated with high mortality. Imaging is vital for detection of AAAs. [[Abdominal X-ray]] and [[ultrasound]] are performed to detect AAAs. However, [[ultrasound]] is simple, safe and inexpensive with sensitivity of 95% and specificity close to 100%. [[CT angiography]] is another imaging option which is the gold standard in evaluation of aortic size and extension of aneurysm, though it has high radiation doses. | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Revision as of 13:07, 17 August 2020
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Synonyms and keywords:
Overview
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAAs) are defined as abnormal dilation of abdominal aorta, mostly in infrarenal part of aorta with extension to iliac arteries, up to more than 3 cm in the greatest diameter or dilatation of more than 50% of its diameter. Although AAAs are more common in men than women, women with AAAs have worse prognosis than men. The predisposing factors include male gender, age >75 years, prior vascular disease, hypertension, smoking, family history of cardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolemia. The incidence of AAAs has continued to rise, of which they remain the leading cause of death in USA. Most AAAs are usually asymptomatic and detected accidentally. Unruptured aneurysms may present mild abdominal or back pain with pulsatile mass while ruptured aneurysms cause severe abdominal or back pain, hypotension and shock and they are associated with high mortality. Imaging is vital for detection of AAAs. Abdominal X-ray and ultrasound are performed to detect AAAs. However, ultrasound is simple, safe and inexpensive with sensitivity of 95% and specificity close to 100%. CT angiography is another imaging option which is the gold standard in evaluation of aortic size and extension of aneurysm, though it has high radiation doses.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions that may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
Screening
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the screening of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
Treatment
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
Do's
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
Don'ts
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