21-hydroxylase deficiency differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mehrian Jafarizade, M.D [2]

Overview

21-hydroxylase deficiency must be differentiated from 11-β hydroxylase deficiency, 17-α hydroxylase deficiency, androgen insensitivity syndrome, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, polycystic ovarian syndrome, hyperprolactinemia, cushing syndrome, and adrenal tumor.

Differentiating congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency from other diseases

21-hydroxylase deficiency classic form should be differentiated from other diseases that cause ambiguous genitalia, and non-classic form should be differentiated from the diseases that cause female hirsutism.

21-hydroxylase deficiency classic type must be differentiated from diseases that cause ambiguous genitalia:[1][2]

Disease name Steroid status Important clinical findings
Increased Decreased
Classic type of 21-hydroxylase deficiency
11-β hydroxylase deficiency
17-α hydroxylase deficiency
3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency
Gestational hyperandrogenism

21-hydroxylase deficiency non-classic type must be differentiated from diseases that cause virilization and hirsutism in female:[2][3][4]

Disease name Steroid status Other laboratory Important clinical findings
Non-classic type of 21-hydroxylase deficiency Increased:
  • No symptoms in infancy and male
11-β hydroxylase deficiency Increased:

Decreased:

3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency Increased:

Decreased:

Polycystic ovary syndrome
Adrenal tumors
  • Variable levels depends on tumor type
  • Older age
  • Rapidly progressive symptoms
Ovarian virilizing tumor
  • Variable levels depends on tumor type
  • Older age
  • Rapidly progressive symptoms
Cushing's syndrome
Hyperprolactinemia

References

  1. Hughes IA, Nihoul-Fékété C, Thomas B, Cohen-Kettenis PT (2007). "Consequences of the ESPE/LWPES guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of disorders of sex development". Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 21 (3): 351–65. doi:10.1016/j.beem.2007.06.003. PMID 17875484.
  2. 2.0 2.1 White PC, Speiser PW (2000). "Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency". Endocr. Rev. 21 (3): 245–91. doi:10.1210/edrv.21.3.0398. PMID 10857554.
  3. Hohl A, Ronsoni MF, Oliveira Md (2014). "Hirsutism: diagnosis and treatment". Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 58 (2): 97–107. PMID 24830586.
  4. Melmed, Shlomo (2016). Williams textbook of endocrinology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0323297387.=

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