Amyloidosis classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

The more common types of amyloid include AL, AA, Aβ, ATTR and Aβ2M from the 15 biologically distinct forms.

Classification

There are 15 biologically distinct forms of amyloid, some more clinically significant than others. Following is a brief description of the more common types of amyloid:

Official
abb.
Amyloid type/Gene Description OMIM
AL amyloid light chain AL amyloidosis / multiple myeloma. Contains immunoglobulin light-chains (λ,κ) derived from plasma cells. 254500
AA SAA AA amyloidosis
β amyloid/APP Found in Alzheimer disease brain lesions. 605714
ATTR transthyretin A mutant form of a normal serum protein that is deposited in the genetically determined familial amyloid polyneuropathies. TTR is also deposited in the heart in senile systemic amyloidosis.[1] Also found in Leptomeningeal amyloidosis. 105210
2M β2 microglobulin Not to be confused with , β2m is a normal serum protein, part of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class 1 molecules. Haemodialysis-associated amyloidosis
AIAPP amylin Found in the pancreas of patients with type 2 diabetes.
APrP prion protein In prion diseases, misfolded prion proteins deposit in tissues and resemble amyloid proteins. Some examples are Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (humans), BSE or "mad cow disease" (cattle), and scrapie (sheep and goats). 123400
AGel GSN Finnish type amyloidosis 105120
ACys CST3 Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Icelandic-type 105150
AApoA1 APOA1 Familial visceral amyloidosis 105200
AFib FGA Familial visceral amyloidosis 105200
ALys LYZ Familial visceral amyloidosis 105200
? OSMR Primary cutaneous amyloidosis 105250
ABri
ADan
ITM2B Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, British-type
Danish-type
176500
117300
APro prolactin Prolactinoma
AKer keratoepithelin Familial corneal amyloidosis
AANF atrial natriuretic factor Senile amyloid of atria of heart
ACal calcitonin Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid

References

  1. Hassan W, Al-Sergani H, Mourad W, Tabbaa R (2005). "Amyloid heart disease. New frontiers and insights in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management". Tex Heart Inst J. 32 (2): 178–84. PMC 1163465. PMID 16107109.

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