Tracheitis pathophysiology

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Tracheitis Microchapters

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Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Tracheitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Chest X Ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT Scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

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Please help WikiDoc by adding content here. It's easy! Click here to learn about editing. Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

OR

It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].

OR

[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.

OR

Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.

OR


[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].

OR

The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].

OR

The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Pathophysiology

Physiology

Trachea connects larynx with the bronchi and conducts air to the lungs. It is made of C shaped rings of cartilage. Muscles and fibers connect the tracheal rings together. This structural strength enables the trachea to withstand the variations in air pressure during each breathing cycle. The mucus membrane of trachea is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. The goblet cells in the epithelium secrete mucus which captures inhaled pathogens. The cilia propagate the movement of the mucus towards the larynx and pharynx. It is either swallowed or expectorated as phlegm out of the body. Bronchial Associated Lymphoid tissue further augments the defensive system by providing humoral and cellular immunity. As tracheal inflammation occurs the mucosal edema signficantly constricts the tracheal lumen. This increases the airflow due to Venturi effect. The decrease in luminal diameter generates negative pressure which increases the propensity for airway collapse. This causes turbulent airflow which can be heard as a stridor. Children have a narrower subglottic region compared to adults. Tracheitis causes significant respiratory distress due to further subglottic narrowing.

Pathogenesis

  • The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not completely understood.

OR

  • It is understood that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
  • [Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
  • Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
  • [Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
  • The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
  • The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

The tracheal mucosa serves as a protective barrier to all inhaled pathogens

Genetics

There is no known genetic cause.

Associated Conditions

There are no known associated conditions.

Gross Pathology

On gross pathology, mucosal edema, ulceration, and exudates with thick membranes are characteristic findings of tracheitis.

Microscopic Pathology

On microscopic histopathological analysis, microabscesses and mononuclear inflammatory cells in the tracheal wall are characteristic findings of tracheitis.

References

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