Anemia of chronic disease natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omer Kamal, M.D.[2]
Overview
Natural History
If left untreated, anemia of chronic disease usually manifests as congestive heart failure, angina, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction and high-output heart failure.The anemia will improve when the disease that is causing it is successfully treated.
Complications
Potentially life-threatening complications
- High-output heart failure
Decreased oxygen delivery[1]
- Exertional dyspnea Dyspnea at rest
- Fatigue Hyperdynamic signs like bounding pulses, palpitations, and a roaring pulsatile sound in the ears
- Lethargy, confusion
Hypovolemia
- Persistent hypotension Shock, and death
- Exacerbation of thrombocytopenic bleeding [2]
Prognosis
The anemia will improve when the disease that is causing it is successfully treated.
References
- ↑ Weiskopf RB, Viele MK, Feiner J, Kelley S, Lieberman J, Noorani M, Leung JM, Fisher DM, Murray WR, Toy P, Moore MA (January 1998). "Human cardiovascular and metabolic response to acute, severe isovolemic anemia". JAMA. 279 (3): 217–21. PMID 9438742.
- ↑ Uhl L, Assmann SF, Hamza TH, Harrison RW, Gernsheimer T, Slichter SJ (September 2017). "Laboratory predictors of bleeding and the effect of platelet and RBC transfusions on bleeding outcomes in the PLADO trial". Blood. 130 (10): 1247–1258. doi:10.1182/blood-2017-01-757930. PMC 5606003. PMID 28679741.