Femoral hernia physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: M. Khurram Afzal, MD [2]

Overview

Patients with femoral hernia usually appear normal. Physical examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually remarkable for swelling or lump below the inguinal ligament maybe present. It is a difficult diagnosis and maybe impossible to differentiate from inguinal hernia. If incarceration is present, the swelling or lump maybe tender.

Physical Examination

  • The presence of lump/swelling below the inguinal ligament on physical examination is highly suggestive of femoral hernia.

Appearance of the Patient

  • Patients with femoral hernia usually appear normal.

Vital Signs

  • Vital signs of patients with femoral hernia are usually normal.
  • If incarceration is present, the following vital signs maybe present indicating sepsis:[1]
    • Fever
    • Tachycardia with regular pulse
    • Low blood pressure

Skin

  • Skin examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.

HEENT

  • HEENT examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.

Neck

  • Neck examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.

Lungs

  • Pulmonary examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.

Heart

  • Cardiovascular examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.

Abdomen

  • Abdominal examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
  • If incarceration is present bowel sounds maybe absent.[2]

Back

  • Back examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.

Genitourinary

  • Swelling/lump may be present below the inguinal ligament.
  • If incarceration is present the palpable swelling below the inguinal ligament may be tender.[2]

Neuromuscular

  • Neuromuscular examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.

Extremities

  • Extremities examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.

References

  1. Fitzgibbons RJ, Forse RA (2015). "Clinical practice. Groin hernias in adults". N Engl J Med. 372 (8): 756–63. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1404068. PMID 25693015.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Yang XF, Liu JL (2014). "Acute incarcerated external abdominal hernia". Ann Transl Med. 2 (11): 110. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.11.05. PMC 4245506. PMID 25489584.

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