Femoral hernia natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: M. Khurram Afzal, MD [2]

Overview

If left untreated, 44%-86% of patients with femoral hernia may progress to develop strangulation or incarceration.

Femoral hernias may be small and asymptomatic during early course of the disease.
Some individuals may have the hernia for decades without seeking medical care because of asymptomatic initial disease course.
If left untreated, 44%-86% of patients with femoral hernia may progress to develop strangulation or incarceration.^[1]^[2]
Strangulation or incarceration may lead to bowel necrosis, causing pain, erythema, nausea, vomiting and fever.

Common complications of femoral hernia include:^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]
- Strangulation or incarceration
- Bowel obstruction
- Intestinal necrosis

Prognosis is good, if surgery is performed in time (before the development of complications).^[1]^[5]
The presence of bowel obstruction is associated with a particularly poor prognosis among patients with femoral hernia.^[1]^[5]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Oishi SN, Page CP, Schwesinger WH (1991). "Complicated presentations of groin hernias". Am J Surg. 162 (6): 568–70, discussion 571. PMID 1670226.
↑ Hachisuka T (2003). "Femoral hernia repair". Surg Clin North Am. 83 (5): 1189–205. doi:10.1016/S0039-6109(03)00120-8. PMID 14533910.
↑ Dahlstrand U, Wollert S, Nordin P, Sandblom G, Gunnarsson U (2009). "Emergency femoral hernia repair: a study based on a national register". Ann. Surg. 249 (4): 672–6. doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e31819ed943. PMID 19300219.
↑ Koch A, Edwards A, Haapaniemi S, Nordin P, Kald A (2005). "Prospective evaluation of 6895 groin hernia repairs in women". Br J Surg. 92 (12): 1553–8. doi:10.1002/bjs.5156. PMID 16187268.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Nilsson H, Stylianidis G, Haapamäki M, Nilsson E, Nordin P (2007). "Mortality after groin hernia surgery". Ann. Surg. 245 (4): 656–60. doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000251364.32698.4b. PMC 1877035. PMID 17414617.
↑ Alimoglu O, Kaya B, Okan I, Dasiran F, Guzey D, Bas G; et al. (2006). "Femoral hernia: a review of 83 cases". Hernia. 10 (1): 70–3. doi:10.1007/s10029-005-0045-3. PMID 16283073.