Sandbox:Mahda
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahda Alihashemi M.D. [2]
Overview
Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
OR
Common causes of esophageal stricture include gastroesophageal reflux disease and caustic ingestions.
OR
The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].
OR
The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click here.
Causes
Life-threatening Causes
- Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of esophageal stricture, however complications resulting from untreated esophageal stricture is common.
Common Causes
Esophageal stricture may be caused by:[1]
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease[2]
- Caustic ingestions[3]
- Previous surgery on the esophagus
- Surgical anastomosis
- Radiation therapy for thoracic or head and neck tumors[4]
- Esophageal sclerotherapy[5]
- Eosinophilic esophagitis,[6]
- Treatment for esophageal varices
- Esophageal cancer
- Drug-induced stricture:[7]
- Aspirin and anti-inflammatory agents[8]
- Tetracycline
- Doxycycline
- Clindamycin
- Bisphosphonates
- Potassium chloride
- Quinidine preparations
- Iron compounds
- Emepronium
- Alprenolol
- Pinaverium
- Increased level of gastric acid exposure to esophageal tissue, for example:
- Esophageal diverticula
- Hiatal hernia
- Tracheoesophageal fistula
- Infectious esophagitis
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of esophageal stricture include:
- Dyskeratosis congenita (DC)
- Rare dermatologic diseases (eg, epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica)[10]
- Mediastinal fibrosis due to tuberclosis or idiopathic fibrosing mediastinitis
- May lead to esophageal compression and stricture
Genetic Causes
- [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | Caustic ingestion |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | Dyskeratosis congenita (DC), epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica |
| Drug Side Effect | Drug-induced stricture:
|
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | Gastroesophageal reflux disease, Eosinophilic esophagitis, Esophageal cancer, Esophageal diverticula , Hiatal hernia, Tracheoesophageal fistula |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | Previous surgery on the esophagus, Surgical anastomosis, Radiation therapy for thoracic or head and neck tumors, Esophageal sclerotherapy, Treatment for esophageal varices |
| Infectious Disease | Infectious esophagitis
|
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | Mediastinal fibrosis due to tuberclosis or idiopathic fibrosing mediastinitis, Tracheoesophageal fistula |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.
- Caustic ingestions
- Drug-induced stricture
- Dyskeratosis congenita (DC)
- Eosinophilic esophagitis
- Esophageal cancer
- Esophageal diverticula
- Esophageal sclerotherapy
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease
- Hiatal hernia
- Increased level of gastric acid exposure to esophageal tissue
- Infectious esophagitis
- Mediastinal fibrosis due to tuberclosis or idiopathic fibrosing mediastinitis
- Previous surgery on the esophagus
- Radiation therapy for thoracic or head and neck tumors
- Rare dermatologic diseases (eg, epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica)
- Surgical anastomosis
- Tracheoesophageal fistula
- Treatment for esophageal varices
References
- ↑ Csendes A, Braghetto I (1992). "Surgical management of esophageal strictures". Hepatogastroenterology. 39 (6): 502–10. PMID 1483661.
- ↑ Marks RD, Richter JE (1993). "Peptic strictures of the esophagus". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 88 (8): 1160–73. PMID 8338082.
- ↑ Wasserman RL, Ginsburg CM (1985). "Caustic substance injuries". J. Pediatr. 107 (2): 169–74. PMID 4020540.
- ↑ Coia LR, Myerson RJ, Tepper JE (1995). "Late effects of radiation therapy on the gastrointestinal tract". Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 31 (5): 1213–36. doi:10.1016/0360-3016(94)00419-L. PMID 7713784.
- ↑ Guynn TP, Eckhauser FE, Knol JA, Raper SE, Mulholland MW, Nostrant TT, Elta GH, Barnett JL (1991). "Injection sclerotherapy-induced esophageal strictures. Risk factors and prognosis". Am Surg. 57 (9): 567–71, discussion 571–2. PMID 1928999.
- ↑ Furuta, Glenn T.; Ingelfinger, Julie R.; Katzka, David A. (2015). "Eosinophilic Esophagitis". New England Journal of Medicine. 373 (17): 1640–1648. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1502863. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ Bonavina L, DeMeester TR, McChesney L, Schwizer W, Albertucci M, Bailey RT (1987). "Drug-induced esophageal strictures". Ann Surg. 206 (2): 173–83. PMC 1493104. PMID 3606243.
- ↑ Kikendall JW, Friedman AC, Oyewole MA, Fleischer D, Johnson LF (1983). "Pill-induced esophageal injury. Case reports and review of the medical literature". Dig. Dis. Sci. 28 (2): 174–82. PMID 6825537.
- ↑ Wilcox CM (1999). "Esophageal strictures complicating ulcerative esophagitis in patients with AIDS". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 94 (2): 339–43. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.00853.x. PMID 10022626.
- ↑ Guerra-Leal JD, Meester I, Cantu-Gonzalez JR, Ornelas-Cortinas G, Montemayor-Martinez A, Salas-Alanis JC (2016). "The Importance of Esophagography in Patients With Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa". AJR Am J Roentgenol: 1–4. doi:10.2214/AJR.16.16115. PMID 27384758.