Gestational diabetes risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Risk Factors

Risk factors for gestational diabetes include:

• A family history of diabetes especially in first degree relatives
• Maternal age >25 yrs
• Certain ethnic groups (Native American, Hispanic-American, African-American, South or East Asian, Pacific Islander)
• Body mass index greater than 25 kg/m²
• Gestational diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance test in previous pregnancies
• Previous delivery of a baby >9 kg
• Personal history of impaired glucose tolerance or impared fasting glucose (pre-diabetes)
• Glycosuria at the first prenatal visit
• Polyhydraminos
• Previous history of unexplained miscarriage or stillbirth
• Smoking doubles the risk of gestational diabetes
• Multiple gestation