Tick-borne encephalitis classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ilan Dock, B.S.

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Overview

Classification

  • TBE virus has three subtypes:
  1. Siberian subtype (Tick vector: unknown)
  2. Far Eastern subtype (Tick vector: Ixodes persulcatus)
  3. European subtype (Tick vector: Ixodes ricinus)
  • Subtypes may be useful in predicting the severity of infection.
  • The following expresses the three major and most common subtypes responsible for human infection, as well as the associated symptoms.
Subtype Associated symptoms
Siberian *May persist as a chronic disease.
  • 5% of cases present in focal encephalitic forms
  • 47% present in meningeal forms
  • 40% present in febrile forms
  • 21% present in a biphasic form.
  • Fatality is apporxiamtely 2%, with continuous complications and a potentially chronic condition.
Far Eastern *31-64% of cases present in focal encephalitic forms.
  • 26% present in meningeal forms
  • 14-16% present in febrile forms
  • 3-8% present in biphasic forms
  • 25% of cases recover fully
  • Fatality is approximately 35% and chronic disease develops is an estimated 0.5% of patients.
European *72-87% experience a biphasic illness. The first phase includes an onset of non-specific flu like symptoms. Following phase one is a remission period of approximately 8 days, during which phase most patients will appear asymptomatic. Further neurological manifestations will appear in phase two.
  • 20-30% of patients will progress in to phase two.
  • Clinical characteristic features of the second stage include meningitis, meningoencephalitis, meningoencephalomyelitis, and meningoencephaloradiculitis.
  • Fatality occurs in less than 2% of cases.