Human parainfluenza virus

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Human parainfluenza virus
A Transmission Electron Micrograph (TEM) depicting parainfluenza virions, and free filamentous nucleocapsid material.
A Transmission Electron Micrograph (TEM) depicting parainfluenza virions, and free filamentous nucleocapsid material.
Virus classification
Group: Group V ((-)ssRNA)
Family: Paramyxoviridae
Genus: Respirovirus & Rubulavirus
This page is about microbiologic aspects of the organism(s).  For clinical aspects of the disease, see Croup.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

Microbiological Characteristics

  • Human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) is an enveloped, single stranded negative sense RNA virus.[1]
  • Human parainfluenza virus is comprised of four distinct serotypes:[2]
    • HPIV-1
    • HPIV-2
    • HPIV-3
    • HPIV-4
  • The human parainfluenza virus genome consists of approximately 15,000 nucleotides used to encode the following six structural proteins:.[3]
Protein Location Function
hemagglutinin Envelope Attachment and cell entry
fusion protein Envelope Fusion and cell entry
matrix protein Within the envelope Assembly
nucleoprotein Nucleocapsid Forms a complex with the RNA genome
phosphoprotein Nucleocapsid Forms as a part of the RNA polymerase complex
large protein Nucleocapsid Forms as a part of the RNA polymerase complex

Transmission

  • Human parainfluenza virus is primarily transmitted by the following:[4]
    • Airborne respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing
    • Close physical contact with an infected individual
    • Physical contact with a contaminated surface

References

  1. Vainionpää R, Hyypiä T (1994). "Biology of parainfluenza viruses". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 7 (2): 265–75. PMC 358320. PMID 8055470.
  2. Baron, Samuel (1996). Medical microbiology. Galveston, Tex: University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Henrickson, K. J. (2003). "Parainfluenza Viruses". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 16 (2): 242–264. doi:10.1128/CMR.16.2.242-264.2003. ISSN 0893-8512.
  4. "Human Parainfluenza Viruses | Transmission of HPIVs | CDC".


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