Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung staging
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shanshan Cen, M.D. [2]
Overview
Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung may be classified into several subtypes based on TNM and UICC staging system.[1]
Staging
TNM staging[1]
TNM | Definition | |
---|---|---|
TX | The primary tumour cannot be assessed, or there are malignant cells in the sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage but not seen on imaging or bronchoscopy. | |
T0 | No evidence of primary tumor. | |
Tis | Carcinoma in situ. | |
T1 | Tumour is 3 cm or less in size and has not spread to the visceral pleura or the main bronchi. | |
T1a – Tumour is smaller than 2 cm. | ||
T1b – Tumour is larger than 2 cm, but smaller than 3 cm. | ||
T2 | Tumour is larger than 3 cm, but smaller than 7 cm; or the tumour has any of the following features: Cancer has spread to the main bronchi, but is not closer than 2 cm to the carina; Cancer has spread to the visceral pleura; Tumour is associated with obstructive pneumonitis or atelectasis. | |
T2a – Tumour is larger than 3 cm, but 5 cm or less in size. | ||
T2b – Tumour is larger than 5 cm, but 7 cm or less in size | ||
T3 | A tumour with any of: Invasion of the chest wall, diaphragm, mediastinal pleura, or parietal pericardium; Extending into the main bronchus, within 2 cm of the carina, but not involving the carina; Obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung. | |
T4 | A tumour with any of: Invasion of the mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, oesophagus, vertebra, or carina; Separate tumour nodules in the same lobe; Malignant pleural effusion. | |
Regional Lymph Nodes | ||
NX | Lymph nodes cannot be assessed. | |
N0 | No lymph nodes involved. | |
N1 | Metastasis to ipsilateral peribronchial or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes. | |
N2 | Metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal or subcarinal lymph nodes. | |
N3 | Metastasis to any of: Ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph nodes; Ipsilateral scalene lymph nodes; Contralateral lymph nodes. | |
Distant Metastasis | ||
M0 | No distant metastasis. | |
M1 | Distant metastasis is present. | |
M1a – Any one of the following: Separate tumour nodule(s) in the opposite lung; Tumour nodules on the parietal pleura; Pleural effusion or pericardial effusion. | ||
M1b – Distant metastasis. |
UICC staging[1]
Stage | T | N | M |
---|---|---|---|
Occult carcinoma | TX | N0 | M0 |
Stage 0 | Tis | N0 | M0 |
Stage IA | T1 | N0 | M0 |
Stage IB | T2a | N0 | M0 |
Stage IIA | T2b | N0 | M0 |
T1 | N1 | M0 | |
T2a | N1 | M0 | |
Stage IIB | T2b | N1 | M0 |
T3 | N0 | M0 | |
Stage IIIA | T1 | N2 | M0 |
T2 | N2 | M0 | |
T3 | N1 | M0 | |
T3 | N2 | M0 | |
T4 | N0 | M0 | |
T4 | N1 | M0 | |
Stage IIIB | T4 | N2 | M0 |
Any T | N3 | M0 | |
Stage IV | Any T | Any N | M1 |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Stages of non–small cell lung cancer. Canadian Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/lung/staging/?region=ab