Oral cancer classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]
Overview
Oral cancer can be classified into several subtypes based on histology such as squamous cell carcinoma, verrucous carcinoma, minor salivary gland carcinoma, lymphomas, benign oral cancer and oropharyngeal tumors, leukoplakia, and erythroplakia.
Classification
Oral cancer can be classified into several subtypes based on histology:
- Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma account for more than 90% of cancers that occur in the oral cavity and oropharynx
- Verrucous carcinoma
- Minor salivary gland carcinomas
- Adenoid cystic carcinoma
- Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
- Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma.
- Lymphomas
- Oral cancers that develop in lymph tissue, are known as lymphomas.
- Benign oral cavity and oropharyngeal tumors
Several types of non-cancerous tumors and tumor-like conditions can arise in the oral cavity and oropharynx.
- Leukoplakia and erythroplakia
A premalignant (or precancerous) lesion is defined as "a benign, morphologically altered tissue that has a greater than normal risk of malignant transformation." There are several different types of premalignant lesion that occur in the mouth. Some oral cancers begin as white patches (leukoplakia), red patches (erythroplakia) or mixed red and white patches (erythroleukoplakia or "speckled leukoplakia").