Glioma causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

The causes of glioma may include genetic factors and cytomegalovirus.

Causes

  • Genetic factors
  • Epigenetic repression of DNA repair genes is often found in progression to sporadic glioblastoma. For instance, methylation of the DNA repair gene O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase(MGMT) Promoter was observed in 51.3% to 66% of glioblastoma specimens.[2][3]
  • Epigenetic reductions in expression of another DNA repair protein, ERCC1, were found in an assortment of 32 gliomas.[4]
  • Mutations in gliomas frequently occur in either isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 or 2 genes. One of these mutations (mostly in IDH1) occurs in about 80% of low grade gliomas and secondary high-grade gliomas.[5]

References

  1. Reuss, D; von Deimling, A (2009). "Hereditary tumor syndromes and gliomas". Recent results in cancer research. Fortschritte der Krebsforschung. Progres dans les recherches sur le cancer. 171: 83–102. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-31206-2_5. PMID 19322539.
  2. Skiriute D, Vaitkiene P, Saferis V, Asmoniene V, Skauminas K, Deltuva VP, Tamasauskas A (2012). "MGMT, GATA6, CD81, DR4, and CASP8 gene promoter methylation in glioblastoma". BMC Cancer. 12: 218. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-12-218. PMC 3404983. PMID 22672670.
  3. Spiegl-Kreinecker S, Pirker C, Filipits M, Lötsch D, Buchroithner J, Pichler J, Silye R, Weis S, Micksche M, Fischer J, Berger W (January 2010). "O6-Methylguanine DNA methyltransferase protein expression in tumor cells predicts outcome of temozolomide therapy in glioblastoma patients". Neuro-oncology. 12 (1): 28–36. doi:10.1093/neuonc/nop003. PMC 2940563. PMID 20150365.
  4. Chen HY, Shao CJ, Chen FR, Kwan AL, Chen ZP (April 2010). "Role of ERCC1 promoter hypermethylation in drug resistance to cisplatin in human gliomas". Int. J. Cancer. 126 (8): 1944–54. doi:10.1002/ijc.24772. PMID 19626585.
  5. Cohen AL, Holmen SL, Colman H (May 2013). "IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in gliomas". Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 13 (5): 345. doi:10.1007/s11910-013-0345-4. PMC 4109985. PMID 23532369.
  6. Michaelis M, Baumgarten P, Mittelbronn M, Driever PH, Doerr HW, Cinatl J, Jr (February 2011). "Oncomodulation by human cytomegalovirus: novel clinical findings open new roads". Medical microbiology and immunology. 200 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1007/s00430-010-0177-7. PMID 20967552.
  7. Barami, K (July 2010). "Oncomodulatory mechanisms of human cytomegalovirus in gliomas". Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 17 (7): 819–23. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2009.10.040. PMID 20427188.
  8. Dziurzynski K, Chang SM, Heimberger AB, Kalejta RF, McGregor Dallas SR, Smit M, Soroceanu L, Cobbs CS; HCMV and Gliomas Symposium (Mar 2012). "Consensus on the role of human cytomegalovirus in glioblastoma". Neuro Oncol. 14 (3): 246–55. doi:10.1093/neuonc/nor227. PMC 3280809. PMID 22319219.


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