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Revision as of 12:26, 30 April 2014 by Chetan Lokhande (talk | contribs)
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Overview

An abdominal aortic aneurysm is a localized dilatation of the abdominal aorta, that exceeds the normal diameter of the abdominal aorta by more than 50%. The normal diameter of an aorta depends on the patient's age, sex, height, weight, race, body surface area, and baseline blood pressure. On average, the normal diameter of the infrarenal aorta is 2 cm, and therefore a true AAA measures 3.0 cm or more. Aortic ectasia is a mild generalized dilatation (<50% of the normal diameter of ≤ 2.9 cm) that is due to age-related degenerative changes in the vessel walls.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the underlying cause.

Common Causes


FIRE: Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation

A Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation (FIRE) should be performed to identify patients in need of immediate intervention.

Abbreviations:


Complete Diagnostic Approach

A complete diagnostic approach should be carried out after a focused initial rapid evaluation is conducted and following initiation of any urgent intervention.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Characterize the symptoms:

❑ Most of the patients are asymptomatic (Detected incidentally) ❑ Pain

❑ Abdominal pain
❑ Back pain
❑ Groin pain (scrotum)

❑ Pulsating sensations in the abdomen ❑Syncope, fainting (suggestive of hemorrhage) ❑ Anxiety
Palpitation
Sweating
Rapid, weak pulse
Shortness of breath

Rapid breathing
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Obtain a detailed history:

❑ History to find out risk factors for development of aneurysm

❑ Hyperlipidemia
❑ Connective tissue disorder
❑ COPD
❑ Hypertension

❑ History to find out risk factors for expansion of aneurysm

❑ Cardiac or renal transplant
❑ Stroke
❑ Cardiac disease

❑ History to find out risk factors for rupture of aneurysm

❑ Female gender
❑ Cardiac or renal transplant
❑ Hypertension

❑ Family history

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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{{{ B02 }}}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
{{{ C01 }}}
 
 
 
{{{ C02 }}}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
{{{ D01 }}}
 
 
 
{{{ D02 }}}
 
 
{{{ D03 }}}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Treatment

Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of Abdominal aortic aneurysm according the the [...] guidelines.


Do's

Don'ts

  1. Singh, K.; Bønaa, KH.; Jacobsen, BK.; Bjørk, L.; Solberg, S. (2001). "Prevalence of and risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysms in a population-based study : The Tromsø Study". Am J Epidemiol. 154 (3): 236–44. PMID 11479188. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. Santosa, F.; Schrader, S.; Nowak, T.; Luther, B.; Kröger, K.; Bufe, A. (2013). "Thoracal, abdominal and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm". Int Angiol. 32 (5): 501–5. PMID 23903309. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)