Carotid body tumor

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Carotid body tumor Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Carotid Body Tumor from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

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Echocardiography and Ultrasound

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MRI

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Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

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Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[2] Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [3]

Synonyms and keywords: Tumor of the carotid body;

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Genetics

Histology

Image:800px-Carotid_body_tumour_2_intermed_mag.jpg | Carotid body tumor higher magnification[2] 218px-Carotid_body_tumour_2_low_mag.jpg | Carotid body tumor lower magnification[2]

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Causes

Differentiating Carotid Body Tumor from Other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Age

Gender

Race

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Imaging Findings

Ultrasound

  • Two-dimensional ultrasound-imaging, by itself, is not diagnostic, however, it may be helpful in the diagnosis of carotid body tumor.[3]
  • A solid, well-defined, hypoechoic lesion on ultrasound imaging.
  • This tumor also causes the displacement of the nearby structures
    • The external carotid artery is usually splayed anteriorly
    • The internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein are moved posteriorly
  • On color-doppler ultrasound imaging, the tumor appears hypervascular and the direction of blood flow in the tumor is upward at a greater extent.
    • It is of particular note that, although not common, the tumor may not be hypervascular.
  • The combination of B mode ultrasound imaging and color-doppler sonography has been observed to be diagnostic for this tumor.

CT scan

MRI

  • On MRI, findings of carotid body tumor, include:[4]
  • T1: iso to hypointense compared to muscle
  • Salt and pepper appearance when larger, representing a combination of punctate regions of haemorrhage or slow flow (salt) and flow voids (pepper)
  • Intense enhancement following gadolinium
  • T2: hyper intense compared to muscle
  • Salt and pepper appearance also seen on T2

Gallery

Other Diagnostic Studies

  • Carotid body tumor may also be diagnosed using angiogram.
  • Findings on angiogram may include:
  • Vascular blush
  • Splaying of the carotids

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Prevention

References

  1. Distribution of paraganglioma. Radiopaedia 2015. Dr Yuranga Weerakkody and Assoc Prof Frank Gaillard et al. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraganglioma#/media/File:Paraganglioma_-_s100_-_very_high_mag.jpg. Accessed on November 23, 2015
  2. 2.0 2.1 Carotid body tumor. Wikipedi 2015. Accessed on November 23, 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraganglioma#/media/File:Carotid_body_tumour_2_low_mag.jpg
  3. Stoeckli, Sandro J.; Schuknecht, Bernhard; Alkadhi, Hatem; Fisch, Ugo (2002). "Evaluation of Paragangliomas Presenting as a Cervical Mass on Color-Coded Doppler Sonography". The Laryngoscope. 112 (1): 143–146. doi:10.1097/00005537-200201000-00025. ISSN 0023-852X.
  4. Carotid body tumor. Dr Henry Knipe. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/carotid-body-tumour Accessed on April 8, 2016
  5. Carotid body tumor. Radiopaedia 2015. Case courtesy of Dr Andrew Lawson. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/carotid-body-tumour. Accessed on December 7, 2015
  6. Carotid body tumor angiography. Radiopaedia 2015. Accessed on November 23, 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/carotid-body-tumour
  7. Carotid body tumor. Dr Yuranga Weerakkody and Assoc Prof Frank Gaillard et al. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/carotid-body-tumour. Accessed on December 7, 2015