Nephrotic syndrome classification

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Nephrotic Syndrome Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Nephrotic syndrome from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X-Ray

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

CT Scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Nephrotic syndrome classification On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Nephrotic syndrome classification

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Nephrotic syndrome classification

CDC on Nephrotic syndrome classification

Nephrotic syndrome classification in the news

Blogs on Nephrotic syndrome classification

Directions to Hospitals Treating Nephrotic syndrome

Risk calculators and risk factors for Nephrotic syndrome classification

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Ali Poyan Mehr, M.D. [2]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Olufunmilola Olubukola M.D.[3] Yazan Daaboul, Serge Korjian

Overview

Nephrotic syndrome can be classified into primary or secondary depending on the underlying etiology. Primary (idiopathic) nephrotic syndrome is defined as nephrotic syndrome due to a primary glomerular disease. Secondary nephrotic syndrome is defined as nephrotic syndrome due to a primary etiology other than glomerular disorders, such as infections, malignancies, systemic conditions, and medications.

Classification

Etiologic Classification

Nephrotic syndrome can be classified into primary or secondary depending on the underlying etiology.

 
 
 
Nephrotic
syndrome
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Primary
 
 
 
Secondary

Primary (Idiopathic) Nephrotic Syndrome

Primary (idiopathic) nephrotic syndrome is defined as nephrotic syndrome due to a primary glomerular disease. It is a common diagnosis in children. Etiologies of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome include:[1]

Different types of nephrotic syndromes Disease name
Podocytopathies Primary Primary minimal change disease
Primary FSGS
Secondary Infection: HIV
Drugs/toxins: NSAIDs, interferon, pamironate, lithium, vaccins, envenomation
Malignancies: hodgkin lymphoma, thymoma
Genetics: nephrin mutations, podocin
Membranous nephropathies Primary Primary membranous nephropathy
Secondary Drugs, toxins, malignancies
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Secondary
  • Autoimmune disorders: SLE, aquired C3 glomerulopathy
  • Infections: HCV, endocarditis
  • Genetics
  • Malignancies
  • Thrombotic microangiopathy
Glomerular deposition diseases Diabetes mellitus

Amyloidosis

Monoclonal deposition disease

Nodular glomeruloneohritis associated with heavy smoking

Other lesions

Secondary Nephrotic Syndrome

Secondary nephrotic syndrome is defined as nephrotic syndrome due to a primary etiology other than glomerular disorders, such as infections, malignancies, systemic conditions, and medications. The most common cause of secondary nephrotic syndrome is diabetes mellitus.

Common Causes of Secondary Nephrotic Syndrome[2][1]
Cause Characteristic Features
Diabetes Mellitus
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Viral Hepatitis (HBV and HCV)
  • Elevated liver function tests
  • History of transfusions
  • High-risk sexual encounters
  • IV drug use
  • Positive HBsAg or HCV RNA
NSAIDs
  • Associated with minimal change disease (MCD)
Amyloidosis
Multiple Myeloma
HIV
Preeclampsia
Adapted from Hull RP, Goldsmith DJ. Nephrotic syndrome in adults. BMJ. 2008; 336:1185-9

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Kodner C (2009). "Nephrotic syndrome in adults: diagnosis and management". Am Fam Physician. 80 (10): 1129–34. PMID 19904897.
  2. Hull RP, Goldsmith DJ (2008). "Nephrotic syndrome in adults". BMJ. 336 (7654): 1185–9. doi:10.1136/bmj.39576.709711.80. PMC 2394708. PMID 18497417.

Template:WH Template:WS