Schistosomiasis epidemiology and demographics
Schistosomiasis Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
---|
Treatment |
Case Studies |
Schistosomiasis epidemiology and demographics On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Schistosomiasis epidemiology and demographics |
Risk calculators and risk factors for Schistosomiasis epidemiology and demographics |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
More than 600 million persons are exposed to Schistosoma parasites, 200 million persons are infected, and 20 million symptomatic cases of schistosomiasis are reported worldwide. All age groups are vulnerable to Schistosoma infection, but school-aged children and adolescents living in endemic areas tend to have the highest intensity of disease. There is no racial predilection to schistosomiasis. Schistosomiasis affects men and women equally.
Epidemiology
Incidence and prevalence
More than 600 million persons are exposed to Schistosoma parasites, 200 million persons are infected, and 20 million symptomatic cases of schistosomiasis are reported worldwide
Demographics
Age
Patients of all age groups may develop schistosomiasis, but school-aged children and adolescents living in endemic areas tend to have the highest intensity of disease.[1]
Race
There is no racial predilection to schistosomiasis.
Gender
Schistosomiasis affects men and women equally.
Geographic Disrtubution
- The disease is found in tropical countries in Africa, the Caribbean, eastern South America, Southeast Asia and in the Middle East.
- Schistosoma mansoni is found in parts of South America and the Caribbean, Africa, and the Middle East; S. haematobium in Africa and the Middle East; and S. japonicum in the Far East.
- S. mekongi and S. intercalatum are found locally in Southeast Asia and central West Africa, respectively.
- The disease is endemic in 74-76 developing countries,[verification needed] infecting more than 207 million people, 85% of whom live in Africa.[2]
Organ involved | Species | Geographical distribution |
---|---|---|
Intestinal schistosomiasis | Schistosoma mansoni | Africa, the Middle East, the Caribbean, Brazil, Venezuela and Suriname |
Schistosoma japonicum | China, Indonesia, the Philippines | |
Schistosoma mekongi | Several districts of Cambodia and the Lao People’s Democratic Republic | |
Schistosoma guineensis
S. intercalatum |
Rain forest areas of central Africa | |
Urogenital schistosomiasis | Schistoma haematobium | Africa, the Middle East, Corsica (France) |
References
- ↑ Weerakoon KG, Gobert GN, Cai P, McManus DP (2015). "Advances in the Diagnosis of Human Schistosomiasis". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 28 (4): 939–67. doi:10.1128/CMR.00137-14. PMC 4548261. PMID 26224883.
- ↑ Oliveira, Guilherme; Rodrigues, Nilton B; Romanha, Alvaro J; Bahia, Diana (2004). "Genome and genomics of schistosomes". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 82 (2): 375–390. doi:10.1139/z03-220. ISSN 0008-4301.