Portal hypertension causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Causes

Prehepatic

• Congenital abnormalities
• Idiopathic tropical splenomegaly
• Portal vein occlusion
• Splenic Vein Thrombosis
• Umbilical sepsis

Intrahepatic

• Alcoholic hepatitis
• Boeck's Diesease
• Chronic hepatitis
• Cirrhosis
• Fatty liver
• Fulminant hepatic failure
• Hodgkin's Lymphoma
• Osteomyelosclerosis
• Partial nodular transformation
• Schistosomiasis
• Wilson's Disease

Posthepatic

• Cardiomyopathy
• Congestive Heart Failure
• Constructive Pericarditis
• Inferior vena cava obstruction
• Tricuspid insufficiency

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Cardiomyopathy, Congestive heart failure, Constructive pericarditis, Inferior vena cava obstruction, Splanchnic arteriovenous fistula, Tricuspid insufficiency
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	NISCH syndrome
Drug Side Effect	Didanosine, Thioguanine
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Alcoholic hepatitis, Biliary atresia, Budd-Chiari syndrome, Cholestasis, Chronic hepatitis, Chronic liver disease, Cirrhosis, Congenital atresia or stenosis of portal vein, Congenital hepatic fibrosis, Congenital narrowing of the portal vein, Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome, Fatty liver, Focal nodular hyperplasia, Fulminant hepatic failure, Hepatic amyloidosis with intrahepatic cholestasis, Hepatic arterioportal fistula, Hepatic portal vein obstruction, Hepatic vein occlusion, Hepatic vein thrombosis, Hepatic venoocclusive disease with immunodeficiency, Idiopathic liver cirrhosis, Idiopathic portal hypertension , Idiopathic tropical splenomegaly, Liver fibrosis, Mosse syndrome, Neonatal hepatitis, Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver, Obliterative portal venopathy, Partial nodular transformation, Portal hypertension due to intrahepatic block, Portal vein abnormality, Portal vein compression, Portal vein occlusion, Portal vein thrombosis , Primary biliary cirrhosis, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Splenic vein thrombosis, Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, Berry aneurysm, cirrhosis, pulmonary emphysema, and cerebral calcification, Hepatic metastasis Pancreatic cancer, NISCH syndrome
Genetic	Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, COACH syndrome, Cystic fibrosis, Gaucher disease, Glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency, Hemochromatosis, Interferon gamma receptor 1 deficiency, NISCH syndrome, Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, Wilson's Disease , Hepatic venoocclusive disease with immunodeficiency
Hematologic	Blackfan Diamond anemia, Congenital pure red cell aplasia , Myeloproliferative diseases, Mosse syndrome, Hemochromatosis, Osteomyelosclerosis, Hodgkin's lymphoma
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Schistosomiasis , Umbilical sepsis , Viral hepatitis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Osteomyelosclerosis
Neurologic	Berry aneurysm, cirrhosis, pulmonary emphysema, and cerebral calcification
Nutritional / Metabolic	Gaucher disease, Glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency, Wilson's Disease
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Extrinsic compression (tumors), Hepatic metastasis, Hodgkin's lymphoma, Pancreatic cancer
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Didanosine, Thioguanine
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Cystic fibrosis, Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, Berry aneurysm, Cirrhosis, Pulmonary emphysema, and cerebral calcification
Renal / Electrolyte	Polycystic kidney disease
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Hepatic venoocclusive disease with immunodeficiency, Granulomatous diseases (Sarcoidosis, Tuberculosis)]
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Granulomatous diseases (Sarcoidosis, Tuberculosis)]], Extrinsic compression (tumors)

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Alcoholic hepatitis Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency Berry aneurysm Biliary atresia Blackfan Diamond anemia Budd-Chiari syndrome Cardiomyopathy Cholestasis Chronic hepatitis Chronic liver disease Cirrhosis COACH syndrome Congenital atresia or stenosis of portal vein Congenital hepatic fibrosis Congenital narrowing of the portal vein Congenital pure red cell aplasia Congestive heart failure Constructive pericarditis Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome Cystic fibrosis Didanosine Extrinsic compression (tumors) Fatty liver Focal nodular hyperplasia Fulminant hepatic failure Gaucher disease Glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency Granulomatous diseases (sarcoidosis, tuberculosis) Hemochromatosis Hepatic amyloidosis with intrahepatic cholestasis Hepatic arterioportal fistula Hepatic metastasis Hepatic portal vein obstruction Hepatic vein occlusion Hepatic vein thrombosis

Hepatic venoocclusive disease with immunodeficiency Hodgkin's lymphoma Idiopathic liver cirrhosis Idiopathic portal hypertension Idiopathic tropical splenomegaly Inferior vena cava obstruction Interferon gamma receptor 1 deficiency Liver fibrosis Mosse syndrome Myeloproliferative diseases Neonatal hepatitis NISCH syndrome Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver Obliterative portal venopathy Osteomyelosclerosis Pancreatic cancer Partial nodular transformation Polycystic kidney disease Portal hypertension due to intrahepatic block Portal vein abnormality Portal vein compression Portal vein occlusion Portal vein thrombosis Primary biliary cirrhosis Primary sclerosing cholangitis Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis Sarcoidosis Schistosomiasis Splanchnic arteriovenous fistula Splenic vein thrombosis Thioguanine Tricuspid insufficiency Umbilical sepsis Viral hepatitis Wilson's Disease