Coronary heart disease secondary prevention cardiac rehabilitation: Difference between revisions
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Esther Lee (talk | contribs) (/* Cardiac Rehabilitation (DO NOT EDIT) {{cite journal| author=Smith SC, Benjamin EJ, Bonow RO, Braun LT, Creager MA, Franklin BA et al.| title=AHA/ACCF Secondary Prevention and Risk Reduction Therapy for Patients with Coronary and other Atheroscl...) |
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| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' All eligible patients with ACS or whose status is immediately post coronary artery bypass surgery or post-PCI should be referred to a comprehensive outpatient cardiovascular rehabilitation program either prior to hospital discharge or during the first follow-up office visit. <ref name="pmid15121495">{{cite journal |author=Taylor RS, Brown A, Ebrahim S, ''et al.'' |title=Exercise-based rehabilitation for patients with coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=116 |issue=10 |pages=682–92 |year=2004 |month=May |pmid=15121495 |doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.01.009 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16263889">{{cite journal |author=Clark AM, Hartling L, Vandermeer B, McAlister FA |title=Meta-analysis: secondary prevention programs for patients with coronary artery disease |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=143 |issue=9 |pages=659–72 |year=2005 |month=November |pmid=16263889 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17885210">{{cite journal |author=Thomas RJ, King M, Lui K, Oldridge N, Piña IL, Spertus J |title=AACVPR/ACC/AHA 2007 performance measures on cardiac rehabilitation for referral to and delivery of cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention services |journal=Circulation |volume=116 |issue=14 |pages=1611–42 |year=2007 |month=October |pmid=17885210 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185734 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18277195">{{cite journal |author=Walther C, Möbius-Winkler S, Linke A, ''et al.'' |title=Regular exercise training compared with percutaneous intervention leads to a reduction of inflammatory markers and cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease |journal=Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=107–12 |year=2008 |month=February |pmid=18277195 |doi=10.1097/HJR.0b013e3282f29aa6 |url=}}</ref> ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]]) <nowiki>"</nowiki> | | bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' All eligible patients with [[ACS]] or whose status is immediately post [[coronary artery bypass surgery]] or post-[[PCI]] should be referred to a comprehensive outpatient cardiovascular rehabilitation program either prior to hospital discharge or during the first follow-up office visit. <ref name="pmid15121495">{{cite journal |author=Taylor RS, Brown A, Ebrahim S, ''et al.'' |title=Exercise-based rehabilitation for patients with coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=116 |issue=10 |pages=682–92 |year=2004 |month=May |pmid=15121495 |doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.01.009 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16263889">{{cite journal |author=Clark AM, Hartling L, Vandermeer B, McAlister FA |title=Meta-analysis: secondary prevention programs for patients with coronary artery disease |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=143 |issue=9 |pages=659–72 |year=2005 |month=November |pmid=16263889 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17885210">{{cite journal |author=Thomas RJ, King M, Lui K, Oldridge N, Piña IL, Spertus J |title=AACVPR/ACC/AHA 2007 performance measures on cardiac rehabilitation for referral to and delivery of cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention services |journal=Circulation |volume=116 |issue=14 |pages=1611–42 |year=2007 |month=October |pmid=17885210 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185734 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18277195">{{cite journal |author=Walther C, Möbius-Winkler S, Linke A, ''et al.'' |title=Regular exercise training compared with percutaneous intervention leads to a reduction of inflammatory markers and cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease |journal=Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=107–12 |year=2008 |month=February |pmid=18277195 |doi=10.1097/HJR.0b013e3282f29aa6 |url=}}</ref> ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|''Level of Evidence: A'']]) <nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
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| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' All eligible outpatients with the diagnosis of ACS, coronary artery bypass surgery or PCI ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]]) <ref name="pmid15121495">{{cite journal |author=Taylor RS, Brown A, Ebrahim S, ''et al.'' |title=Exercise-based rehabilitation for patients with coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=116 |issue=10 |pages=682–92 |year=2004 |month=May |pmid=15121495 |doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.01.009 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16263889">{{cite journal |author=Clark AM, Hartling L, Vandermeer B, McAlister FA |title=Meta-analysis: secondary prevention programs for patients with coronary artery disease |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=143 |issue=9 |pages=659–72 |year=2005 |month=November |pmid=16263889 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15007010">{{cite journal |author=Hambrecht R, Walther C, Möbius-Winkler S, ''et al.'' |title=Percutaneous coronary angioplasty compared with exercise training in patients with stable coronary artery disease: a randomized trial |journal=Circulation |volume=109 |issue=11 |pages=1371–8 |year=2004 |month=March |pmid=15007010 |doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000121360.31954.1F |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17885210">{{cite journal |author=Thomas RJ, King M, Lui K, Oldridge N, Piña IL, Spertus J |title=AACVPR/ACC/AHA 2007 performance measures on cardiac rehabilitation for referral to and delivery of cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention services |journal=Circulation |volume=116 |issue=14 |pages=1611–42 |year=2007 |month=October |pmid=17885210 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185734 |url=}}</ref>, chronic angina ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]]) <ref name="pmid17885210">{{cite journal |author=Thomas RJ, King M, Lui K, Oldridge N, Piña IL, Spertus J |title=AACVPR/ACC/AHA 2007 performance measures on cardiac rehabilitation for referral to and delivery of cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention services |journal=Circulation |volume=116 |issue=14 |pages=1611–42 |year=2007 |month=October |pmid=17885210 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185734 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18277195">{{cite journal |author=Walther C, Möbius-Winkler S, Linke A, ''et al.'' |title=Regular exercise training compared with percutaneous intervention leads to a reduction of inflammatory markers and cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease |journal=Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=107–12 |year=2008 |month=February |pmid=18277195 |doi=10.1097/HJR.0b013e3282f29aa6 |url=}}</ref> and/or peripheral artery disease ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]]) <ref name="pmid19141764">{{cite journal |author=McDermott MM, Ades P, Guralnik JM, ''et al.'' |title=Treadmill exercise and resistance training in patients with peripheral arterial disease with and without intermittent claudication: a randomized controlled trial |journal=JAMA |volume=301 |issue=2 |pages=165–74 |year=2009 |month=January |pmid=19141764 |pmc=3268032 |doi=10.1001/jama.2008.962 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18843614">{{cite journal |author=Watson L, Ellis B, Leng GC |title=Exercise for intermittent claudication |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume= |issue=4 |pages=CD000990 |year=2008 |pmid=18843614 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000990.pub2 |url=}}</ref> within the past year should be referred to a comprehensive outpatient cardiovascular rehabilitation program. <nowiki>"</nowiki> | | bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' All eligible outpatients with the diagnosis of [[ACS]], [[coronary artery bypass surgery]] or [[PCI]] ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|''Level of Evidence: A'']]) <ref name="pmid15121495">{{cite journal |author=Taylor RS, Brown A, Ebrahim S, ''et al.'' |title=Exercise-based rehabilitation for patients with coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=116 |issue=10 |pages=682–92 |year=2004 |month=May |pmid=15121495 |doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.01.009 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16263889">{{cite journal |author=Clark AM, Hartling L, Vandermeer B, McAlister FA |title=Meta-analysis: secondary prevention programs for patients with coronary artery disease |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=143 |issue=9 |pages=659–72 |year=2005 |month=November |pmid=16263889 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15007010">{{cite journal |author=Hambrecht R, Walther C, Möbius-Winkler S, ''et al.'' |title=Percutaneous coronary angioplasty compared with exercise training in patients with stable coronary artery disease: a randomized trial |journal=Circulation |volume=109 |issue=11 |pages=1371–8 |year=2004 |month=March |pmid=15007010 |doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000121360.31954.1F |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17885210">{{cite journal |author=Thomas RJ, King M, Lui K, Oldridge N, Piña IL, Spertus J |title=AACVPR/ACC/AHA 2007 performance measures on cardiac rehabilitation for referral to and delivery of cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention services |journal=Circulation |volume=116 |issue=14 |pages=1611–42 |year=2007 |month=October |pmid=17885210 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185734 |url=}}</ref>, chronic angina ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|''Level of Evidence: B'']]) <ref name="pmid17885210">{{cite journal |author=Thomas RJ, King M, Lui K, Oldridge N, Piña IL, Spertus J |title=AACVPR/ACC/AHA 2007 performance measures on cardiac rehabilitation for referral to and delivery of cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention services |journal=Circulation |volume=116 |issue=14 |pages=1611–42 |year=2007 |month=October |pmid=17885210 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185734 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18277195">{{cite journal |author=Walther C, Möbius-Winkler S, Linke A, ''et al.'' |title=Regular exercise training compared with percutaneous intervention leads to a reduction of inflammatory markers and cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease |journal=Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=107–12 |year=2008 |month=February |pmid=18277195 |doi=10.1097/HJR.0b013e3282f29aa6 |url=}}</ref> and/or peripheral artery disease ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|''Level of Evidence: A'']]) <ref name="pmid19141764">{{cite journal |author=McDermott MM, Ades P, Guralnik JM, ''et al.'' |title=Treadmill exercise and resistance training in patients with peripheral arterial disease with and without intermittent claudication: a randomized controlled trial |journal=JAMA |volume=301 |issue=2 |pages=165–74 |year=2009 |month=January |pmid=19141764 |pmc=3268032 |doi=10.1001/jama.2008.962 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18843614">{{cite journal |author=Watson L, Ellis B, Leng GC |title=Exercise for intermittent claudication |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume= |issue=4 |pages=CD000990 |year=2008 |pmid=18843614 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000990.pub2 |url=}}</ref> within the past year should be referred to a comprehensive outpatient cardiovascular rehabilitation program. <nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''3.''' A home-based cardiac rehabilitation program can be substituted for a supervised, center-based program for low-risk patients. <ref name="pmid20091618">{{cite journal |author=Taylor RS, Dalal H, Jolly K, Moxham T, Zawada A |title=Home-based versus centre-based cardiac rehabilitation |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume= |issue=1 |pages=CD007130 |year=2010 |pmid=20091618 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD007130.pub2 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20560165">{{cite journal |author=Clark AM, Haykowsky M, Kryworuchko J, ''et al.'' |title=A meta-analysis of randomized control trials of home-based secondary prevention programs for coronary artery disease |journal=Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=261–70 |year=2010 |month=June |pmid=20560165 |doi= |url=}}</ref> ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]]) <nowiki>"</nowiki> | | bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''3.''' A home-based cardiac rehabilitation program can be substituted for a supervised, center-based program for low-risk patients. <ref name="pmid20091618">{{cite journal |author=Taylor RS, Dalal H, Jolly K, Moxham T, Zawada A |title=Home-based versus centre-based cardiac rehabilitation |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume= |issue=1 |pages=CD007130 |year=2010 |pmid=20091618 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD007130.pub2 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20560165">{{cite journal |author=Clark AM, Haykowsky M, Kryworuchko J, ''et al.'' |title=A meta-analysis of randomized control trials of home-based secondary prevention programs for coronary artery disease |journal=Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=261–70 |year=2010 |month=June |pmid=20560165 |doi= |url=}}</ref> ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|''Level of Evidence: A'']]) <nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
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| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LemonChiffon"| [[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIa]] | | colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LemonChiffon"| [[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIa]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.'''A comprehensive exercise-based outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program can be safe and beneficial for clinically stable outpatients with a history of heart failure. <ref name="pmid19351941">{{cite journal |author=O'Connor CM, Whellan DJ, Lee KL, ''et al.'' |title=Efficacy and safety of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial |journal=JAMA |volume=301 |issue=14 |pages=1439–50 |year=2009 |month=April |pmid=19351941 |pmc=2916661 |doi=10.1001/jama.2009.454 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10069785">{{cite journal |author=Belardinelli R, Georgiou D, Cianci G, Purcaro A |title=Randomized, controlled trial of long-term moderate exercise training in chronic heart failure: effects on functional capacity, quality of life, and clinical outcome |journal=Circulation |volume=99 |issue=9 |pages=1173–82 |year=1999 |month=March |pmid=10069785 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid14729656">{{cite journal |author=Piepoli MF, Davos C, Francis DP, Coats AJ |title=Exercise training meta-analysis of trials in patients with chronic heart failure (ExTraMATCH) |journal=BMJ |volume=328 |issue=7433 |pages=189 |year=2004 |month=January |pmid=14729656 |pmc=318480 |doi=10.1136/bmj.37938.645220.EE |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16682309">{{cite journal |author=Passino C, Severino S, Poletti R, ''et al.'' |title=Aerobic training decreases B-type natriuretic peptide expression and adrenergic activation in patients with heart failure |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=47 |issue=9 |pages=1835–9 |year=2006 |month=May |pmid=16682309 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2005.12.050 |url=}}</ref> ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]]) <nowiki>"</nowiki> | | bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.'''A comprehensive exercise-based outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program can be safe and beneficial for clinically stable outpatients with a history of [[heart failure]]. <ref name="pmid19351941">{{cite journal |author=O'Connor CM, Whellan DJ, Lee KL, ''et al.'' |title=Efficacy and safety of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial |journal=JAMA |volume=301 |issue=14 |pages=1439–50 |year=2009 |month=April |pmid=19351941 |pmc=2916661 |doi=10.1001/jama.2009.454 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10069785">{{cite journal |author=Belardinelli R, Georgiou D, Cianci G, Purcaro A |title=Randomized, controlled trial of long-term moderate exercise training in chronic heart failure: effects on functional capacity, quality of life, and clinical outcome |journal=Circulation |volume=99 |issue=9 |pages=1173–82 |year=1999 |month=March |pmid=10069785 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid14729656">{{cite journal |author=Piepoli MF, Davos C, Francis DP, Coats AJ |title=Exercise training meta-analysis of trials in patients with chronic heart failure (ExTraMATCH) |journal=BMJ |volume=328 |issue=7433 |pages=189 |year=2004 |month=January |pmid=14729656 |pmc=318480 |doi=10.1136/bmj.37938.645220.EE |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16682309">{{cite journal |author=Passino C, Severino S, Poletti R, ''et al.'' |title=Aerobic training decreases B-type natriuretic peptide expression and adrenergic activation in patients with heart failure |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=47 |issue=9 |pages=1835–9 |year=2006 |month=May |pmid=16682309 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2005.12.050 |url=}}</ref> ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|''Level of Evidence: B'']]) <nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
|} | |} |
Revision as of 19:01, 14 November 2012
Coronary heart disease Microchapters |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Cardiac Rehabilitation
2011 AHA/ACCF Guidelines for Secondary Prevention and Risk Reduction Therapy for Patients with Coronary and other Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease (DO NOT EDIT) [1]
Cardiac Rehabilitation (DO NOT EDIT) [1]
Class I |
"1. All eligible patients with ACS or whose status is immediately post coronary artery bypass surgery or post-PCI should be referred to a comprehensive outpatient cardiovascular rehabilitation program either prior to hospital discharge or during the first follow-up office visit. [2][3][4][5] (Level of Evidence: A) " |
"2. All eligible outpatients with the diagnosis of ACS, coronary artery bypass surgery or PCI (Level of Evidence: A) [2][3][6][4], chronic angina (Level of Evidence: B) [4][5] and/or peripheral artery disease (Level of Evidence: A) [7][8] within the past year should be referred to a comprehensive outpatient cardiovascular rehabilitation program. " |
"3. A home-based cardiac rehabilitation program can be substituted for a supervised, center-based program for low-risk patients. [9][10] (Level of Evidence: A) " |
Class IIa |
"2.A comprehensive exercise-based outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program can be safe and beneficial for clinically stable outpatients with a history of heart failure. [11][12][13][14] (Level of Evidence: B) " |
Sources
- 2011 AHA/ACCF Guidelines for Secondary Prevention and Risk Reduction Therapy for Patients with Coronary and other Aterosclerotic Vascular Disease (DO NOT EDIT) [1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Smith SC, Benjamin EJ, Bonow RO, Braun LT, Creager MA, Franklin BA; et al. (2011). "AHA/ACCF Secondary Prevention and Risk Reduction Therapy for Patients with Coronary and other Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: 2011 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology Foundation". Circulation. 124 (22): 2458–73. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e318235eb4d. PMID 22052934.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Taylor RS, Brown A, Ebrahim S; et al. (2004). "Exercise-based rehabilitation for patients with coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Am. J. Med. 116 (10): 682–92. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.01.009. PMID 15121495. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Clark AM, Hartling L, Vandermeer B, McAlister FA (2005). "Meta-analysis: secondary prevention programs for patients with coronary artery disease". Ann. Intern. Med. 143 (9): 659–72. PMID 16263889. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Thomas RJ, King M, Lui K, Oldridge N, Piña IL, Spertus J (2007). "AACVPR/ACC/AHA 2007 performance measures on cardiac rehabilitation for referral to and delivery of cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention services". Circulation. 116 (14): 1611–42. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185734. PMID 17885210. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ 5.0 5.1 Walther C, Möbius-Winkler S, Linke A; et al. (2008). "Regular exercise training compared with percutaneous intervention leads to a reduction of inflammatory markers and cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease". Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 15 (1): 107–12. doi:10.1097/HJR.0b013e3282f29aa6. PMID 18277195. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Hambrecht R, Walther C, Möbius-Winkler S; et al. (2004). "Percutaneous coronary angioplasty compared with exercise training in patients with stable coronary artery disease: a randomized trial". Circulation. 109 (11): 1371–8. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000121360.31954.1F. PMID 15007010. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ McDermott MM, Ades P, Guralnik JM; et al. (2009). "Treadmill exercise and resistance training in patients with peripheral arterial disease with and without intermittent claudication: a randomized controlled trial". JAMA. 301 (2): 165–74. doi:10.1001/jama.2008.962. PMC 3268032. PMID 19141764. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Watson L, Ellis B, Leng GC (2008). "Exercise for intermittent claudication". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (4): CD000990. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000990.pub2. PMID 18843614.
- ↑ Taylor RS, Dalal H, Jolly K, Moxham T, Zawada A (2010). "Home-based versus centre-based cardiac rehabilitation". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1): CD007130. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007130.pub2. PMID 20091618.
- ↑ Clark AM, Haykowsky M, Kryworuchko J; et al. (2010). "A meta-analysis of randomized control trials of home-based secondary prevention programs for coronary artery disease". Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 17 (3): 261–70. PMID 20560165. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ O'Connor CM, Whellan DJ, Lee KL; et al. (2009). "Efficacy and safety of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial". JAMA. 301 (14): 1439–50. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.454. PMC 2916661. PMID 19351941. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Belardinelli R, Georgiou D, Cianci G, Purcaro A (1999). "Randomized, controlled trial of long-term moderate exercise training in chronic heart failure: effects on functional capacity, quality of life, and clinical outcome". Circulation. 99 (9): 1173–82. PMID 10069785. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Piepoli MF, Davos C, Francis DP, Coats AJ (2004). "Exercise training meta-analysis of trials in patients with chronic heart failure (ExTraMATCH)". BMJ. 328 (7433): 189. doi:10.1136/bmj.37938.645220.EE. PMC 318480. PMID 14729656. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Passino C, Severino S, Poletti R; et al. (2006). "Aerobic training decreases B-type natriuretic peptide expression and adrenergic activation in patients with heart failure". J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 47 (9): 1835–9. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.12.050. PMID 16682309. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help)