Dementia classification: Difference between revisions
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{{CMG}};{{AE}},{{Vbe}} | {{CMG}};{{AE}},{{Vbe}} | ||
===Overview=== | ===Overview=== | ||
Vascular disease is a cause or contributor in 25 to 50 percent of cases of dementia, and vascular dementia is the second most common type of dementia in clinic- and population-based studies<ref name="pmid17568013">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schneider JA, Arvanitakis Z, Bang W, Bennett DA |title=Mixed brain pathologies account for most dementia cases in community-dwelling older persons |journal=Neurology |volume=69 |issue=24 |pages=2197–204 |date=December 2007 |pmid=17568013 |doi=10.1212/01.wnl.0000271090.28148.24 |url=}}</ref> A population-based study found that 15 percent of patients who were cognitively impaired but not demented (CIND) were clinically diagnosed with vascular disease as the cause, but autopsy confirmation was not available | Vascular disease is a cause or contributor in 25 to 50 percent of cases of dementia, and vascular dementia is the second most common type of dementia in clinic- and population-based studies<ref name="pmid17568013">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schneider JA, Arvanitakis Z, Bang W, Bennett DA |title=Mixed brain pathologies account for most dementia cases in community-dwelling older persons |journal=Neurology |volume=69 |issue=24 |pages=2197–204 |date=December 2007 |pmid=17568013 |doi=10.1212/01.wnl.0000271090.28148.24 |url=}}</ref> A population-based study found that 15 percent of patients who were cognitively impaired but not demented (CIND) were clinically diagnosed with vascular disease as the cause, but autopsy confirmation was not available<ref name="pmid9269213">{{cite journal |vauthors=Graham JE, Rockwood K, Beattie BL, Eastwood R, Gauthier S, Tuokko H, McDowell I |title=Prevalence and severity of cognitive impairment with and without dementia in an elderly population |journal=Lancet |volume=349 |issue=9068 |pages=1793–6 |date=June 1997 |pmid=9269213 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(97)01007-6 |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Cortical Dementias=== | ===Cortical Dementias=== | ||
Revision as of 16:23, 8 October 2020
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Dementia Microchapters |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: ,Vindhya BellamKonda, M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Vascular disease is a cause or contributor in 25 to 50 percent of cases of dementia, and vascular dementia is the second most common type of dementia in clinic- and population-based studies[1] A population-based study found that 15 percent of patients who were cognitively impaired but not demented (CIND) were clinically diagnosed with vascular disease as the cause, but autopsy confirmation was not available[2]
Cortical Dementias
- Alzheimer's disease
- Vascular dementia (also known as multi-infarct dementia), including Binswanger's disease
- Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)
- Alcohol-Induced Persisting Dementia
- Frontotemporal lobar degenerations (FTLD), including Pick's disease
- Frontotemporal dementia (or frontal variant FTLD)
- Semantic dementia (or temporal variant FTLD)
- Progressive non-fluent aphasia
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- Dementia pugilistica
- Moyamoya disease
Subcortical Dementias
- Dementia due to Huntington's disease
- Dementia due to Hypothyroidism[3]
- Dementia due to Parkinson's disease
- Dementia due to Vitamin B1 deficiency
- Dementia due to Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Dementia due to Folate deficiency
- Dementia due to Syphilis[4]
- Dementia due to Subdural hematoma
- Dementia due to Hypercalcaemia
- Dementia due to Hypoglycemia
- AIDS dementia complex
- Pseudodementia (associated with clinical depression and bipolar disorder)
- Substance-induced persisting dementia (related to psychoactive use and formerly Absinthism)
- Dementia due to multiple etiologies
- Dementia due to other general medical conditions (i.e. end stage renal failure, cardiovascular disease etc.)
- Dementia not otherwise specified (used in cases where no specific criteria is met)
Dementia and early onset dementia have been associated with neurovisceral porphyrias. Porphyria is listed in textbooks in the differential diagnosis of dementia. Because acute intermittent porphyria, hereditary coproporphyria and variegate porphyria are aggravated by environmental toxins and drugs the disorders should be ruled out when these etiologies are raised.
References
- ↑ Schneider JA, Arvanitakis Z, Bang W, Bennett DA (December 2007). "Mixed brain pathologies account for most dementia cases in community-dwelling older persons". Neurology. 69 (24): 2197–204. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000271090.28148.24. PMID 17568013.
- ↑ Graham JE, Rockwood K, Beattie BL, Eastwood R, Gauthier S, Tuokko H, McDowell I (June 1997). "Prevalence and severity of cognitive impairment with and without dementia in an elderly population". Lancet. 349 (9068): 1793–6. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(97)01007-6. PMID 9269213.
- ↑ Knopman DS, Petersen RC, Cha RH, Edland SD, Rocca WA (February 2006). "Incidence and causes of nondegenerative nonvascular dementia: a population-based study". Arch. Neurol. 63 (2): 218–21. doi:10.1001/archneur.63.2.218. PMID 16476810.
- ↑ Weytingh MD, Bossuyt PM, van Crevel H (July 1995). "Reversible dementia: more than 10% or less than 1%? A quantitative review". J. Neurol. 242 (7): 466–71. doi:10.1007/BF00873551. PMID 7595679.