Edema resident survival guide

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahmoud Sakr, M.D. [2]

Overview

Edema is abnormal collection of fluid in interstitial space and is affected by the equilibrium between hydrostatic pressure and colloid oncotic pressure and lymphatic derenage

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

• acute pulmonary edema PMID: 28149030
• acute cerebral edema PMID: 26661240
• acute laryngeal edema doi:10.1001/archinte.161.5.714
• macular edema PMID: 30451174

Common Causes of peripheral edema

• • • Renal
      • (1) Advanced kidney disease of any cause
      • (2) Nephrotic syndrome PMID: 30697163
    • Cardiovascular
      • (1) Systolic or diastolic heart failure (HF)PMID: 22287864
      • (2) Constrictive pericarditis
      • (3) Pulmonary hypertension
  • Hematologic: anemia
    • GI :
    • Nutritional deficiency or malabsorption leading to hypoalbuminemia
    • (2) Refeeding edema
  • deep vein thrombosis PMID: 22287864
  • cellulitis
  • superficial thrombophlebitis
  • baker cyst
  • venous hypertension or chronic venous insufficiency including varicose veins, post thrombotic syndrome, lymphedema PMID: 31453511
  • hormons related such as pregnancy and menstrual cycle, hyperthyroidism PMID: 22935075. cushing disease
  • medications:
  • dihydropyridines calcium channel blocker amlipidine, nifedipine ,
  • escitalopram PMID: 24574569 .
  • Direct vasodilators (hydralazine, minoxidil,
  • non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen or naproxen),
  • gabapentin, hormones (such as oral contraceptives),
  • prednisone,
  • thiazolidinediones (such as pioglitazone or rosiglitazone),
  • obesity

Diagnosis

Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.10.3122/jabfm.19.2.148

'PMID: 9753021

'PMID: 16513903

PMID: 31461980

PMID: 31348293

Treatment

Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.

Treatment is specific to the etiology of the edema, but compression stockings, elevation, exercise, and weight loss remain the cornerstone in most cases.

Do's

• The content in this section is in bullet points.

Don'ts

• The content in this section is in bullet points.

References

Template:WikiDoc Sources