Sandbox:Maneesha: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Line 3: Line 3:
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==


===Incidence===
*The annual incidence of Pleomorphic adenoma  is approximately 2-3.5 cases per 100,000 population.<ref name="pmid">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pinkston JA, Cole P |title=Incidence rates of salivary gland tumors: results from a population-based study |journal=Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg |volume=120 |issue=6 |pages=834–40 |date=June 1999 |pmid= |doi=10.1016/S0194-5998(99)70323-2 |url=}}</ref>
*It accounts for 45-75% of all salivary gland neoplasms.
*Pleomorphic adenoma distribution among the salivary glands is as follows<ref name="pmid27040584">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhan KY, Khaja SF, Flack AB, Day TA |title=Benign Parotid Tumors |journal=Otolaryngol. Clin. North Am. |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=327–42 |date=April 2016 |pmid=27040584 |doi=10.1016/j.otc.2015.10.005 |url=}}</ref>:
**Parotid gland: 84%
**Submandibular gland: 8%
**Minor salivary glands: 6.5%
===Age===
*People of all age groups may develop Pleomorphic adenoma.<ref name="pmid">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pinkston JA, Cole P |title=Incidence rates of salivary gland tumors: results from a population-based study |journal=Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg |volume=120 |issue=6 |pages=834–40 |date=June 1999 |pmid= |doi=10.1016/S0194-5998(99)70323-2 |url=}}</ref>
*The incidence of Pleomorphic adenoma increases with age; the average age at diagnosis is 43-46 years.
===Race===
There is no racial predilection to Pleomorphic adenoma.
===Gender===
*Females are predominantly affected by Pleomorphic adenoma than males. The female to male ratio is approximately (2:1)
==Causes==
==Causes==
*The exact causes of Pleomorphic adenoma are unknown but the tumor has been found to increase 15-20 years after radiation exposure.
*The exact causes of Pleomorphic adenoma are unknown but the tumor has been found to increase 15-20 years after radiation exposure.

Revision as of 18:15, 23 January 2019


Epidemiology and Demographics

Causes

  • The exact causes of Pleomorphic adenoma are unknown but the tumor has been found to increase 15-20 years after radiation exposure.
  • Simian virus(SV40) may play a role in the development of Pleomorphic adenoma.[1]

Risk factors

  • Prior head and neck irradiation is a risk factor for the development of Pleomorphic adenoma.[2]
  • Environmental factors
  • Occupations like working in rubber industry, nickel industry etc.[3][4]

Classification

  • Pleomorphic adenoma can be classified on the basis of the histological appearance i.e, epithelial and stromal changes into the following subgroups.[5]
    • Subgroup 1 (30,5%) is the classical pleomorphic adenoma with a stroma content of 30-50%
    • subgroup 2 (55%) has a stroma content of 80%
    • subgroup 3 (9%) has a poor stroma content of 20-30% or less and an epithelial differentiation similar to subgroup 1
    • subgroup 4 has also a poor stroma content (6%) with a relatively monomorphic epithelial structure.

Natural history, Complications and Prognosis

Natural history

References

  1. ↑ Martinelli M, Martini F, Rinaldi E, Caramanico L, Magri E, Grandi E, Carinci F, Pastore A, Tognon M (October 2002). "Simian virus 40 sequences and expression of the viral large T antigen oncoprotein in human pleomorphic adenomas of parotid glands". Am. J. Pathol. 161 (4): 1127–33. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64389-1. PMC 1867276. PMID 12368186.
  2. ↑ Gündüz AK, Yeşiltaş YS, Shields CL (September 2018). "Overview of benign and malignant lacrimal gland tumors". Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 29 (5): 458–468. doi:10.1097/ICU.0000000000000515. PMID 30028745.
  3. ↑ Swanson GM, Burns PB (August 1997). "Cancers of the salivary gland: workplace risks among women and men". Ann Epidemiol. 7 (6): 369–74. PMID 9279445.
  4. ↑ Horn-Ross PL, Ljung BM, Morrow M (July 1997). "Environmental factors and the risk of salivary gland cancer". Epidemiology. 8 (4): 414–9. PMID 9209856.
  5. ↑ Seifert G, Langrock I, Donath K (December 1976). "[A pathological classification of pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands (author's transl)]". HNO (in German). 24 (12): 415–26. PMID 1002574.
Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Sandbox:Maneesha&oldid=1539710"