Chondroblastoma: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
Line 59: Line 59:


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*Chondroblastoma is a rare benign bone tumor accounting for approximately 1% of all benign bone tumors.<ref name="pmid5051664">{{cite journal| author=Dahlin DC, Ivins JC| title=Benign chondroblastoma. A study of 125 cases. | journal=Cancer | year= 1972 | volume= 30 | issue= 2 | pages= 401-13 | pmid=5051664 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=5051664  }} </ref>
 
*Adolescents and children are most affected by chondroblastoma.
OR
*The age distribution of chondroblastoma is between 10-25 years.<ref name="pmid18290384">{{cite journal| author=Bulanov DV, Semenova LA, Makhson AN, Bulycheva IV| title=[Chondrosarcoma of the larynx]. | journal=Arkh Patol | year= 2007 | volume= 69 | issue= 6 | pages= 50-2 | pmid=18290384 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18290384  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8253461">{{cite journal| author=Turcotte RE, Kurt AM, Sim FH, Unni KK, McLeod RA| title=Chondroblastoma. | journal=Hum Pathol | year= 1993 | volume= 24 | issue= 9 | pages= 944-9 | pmid=8253461 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8253461  }} </ref>
 
*The mean age of the patients with osteoid osteoma is 22 years.<ref name="pmid18290384">{{cite journal| author=Bulanov DV, Semenova LA, Makhson AN, Bulycheva IV| title=[Chondrosarcoma of the larynx]. | journal=Arkh Patol | year= 2007 | volume= 69 | issue= 6 | pages= 50-2 | pmid=18290384 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18290384  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8253461">{{cite journal| author=Turcotte RE, Kurt AM, Sim FH, Unni KK, McLeod RA| title=Chondroblastoma. | journal=Hum Pathol | year= 1993 | volume= 24 | issue= 9 | pages= 944-9 | pmid=8253461 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8253461  }} </ref>
In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*Men are more commonly affected than women, with a 2:1 ratio.
 
*There is no racial predilection to chondroblastoma.
OR
 
In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate of [number range]%.
 
 
 
Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
 
OR
 
The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
 
OR
 
[Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
 
OR
 
[Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
 
OR
 
[Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].
 
 
 
There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
 
OR
 
[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
 
 
 
[Disease name] affects men and women equally.
 
OR
 
[Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
 
 
 
The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
 
OR
 
[Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==

Revision as of 17:38, 19 December 2018

Template:Chondroblastoma For patient information click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rohan A. Bhimani, M.B.B.S., D.N.B., M.Ch.[2]

Synonyms and keywords: Codman tumor; Codman's tumor; Codman tumour; Codmans tumor; Chondroblastomas; Benign chondroblastoma; Epiphyseal chondroblastoma

Overview

Historical Perspective

  • In 1928, Codman first described chondroblastoma as epiphyseal chondromatous giant cell tumors of the proximal humerus.
  • In 1942, Jaffe and Lichenstein later recognized it as a distinct entity due to its chondorid matrix.[1]

Classification

Chondroblastoma can be classified based on imaging findings.

Enneking (MSTS) Staging System

  • The Enneking surgical staging system (also known as the MSTS system) for benign musculoskeletal tumors based on radiographic characteristics of the tumor host margin.[2]
  • It is widely accepted and routinely used classification.
Stages Description
1 Latent: Well demarcated borders
2 Active: Indistinct borders
3 Aggressive: Indistinct borders

Pathophysiology

  • The exact pathogenesis of chondroblaroma is not fully understood.[3]
  • Various theories have been proposed concerning the pathogenesis of chondroblastomas:
    • Chondroblastoma tumors are of chondrogenic origin.[4]
    • Chondroblastoma arises from osteoid matrix–containing type I collagen and the absence of true cartilage matrix production (Type II collagen).[5]
    • chondroblastoma arises from an intraosseous proliferation of tendon sheath cells that have a predilection for chondroid formation.[6]
  • Chondroblastomas typically occur in the epiphyses of the long bones.
  • The bones often involved by epiphyseal chondroblastomas are femur, tibia, and humerus.[7]

Genetics

  • Chondroblastoma may have association with genetic abnormalities on chromosome 5 and 8.

Causes

There are no established causes for chondroblastoma.[8]

Differentiating ((Page name)) from Other Diseases

[Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as [differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].

OR

[Disease name] must be differentiated from [[differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].

Epidemiology and Demographics

  • Chondroblastoma is a rare benign bone tumor accounting for approximately 1% of all benign bone tumors.[9]
  • Adolescents and children are most affected by chondroblastoma.
  • The age distribution of chondroblastoma is between 10-25 years.[10][11]
  • The mean age of the patients with osteoid osteoma is 22 years.[10][11]
  • Men are more commonly affected than women, with a 2:1 ratio.
  • There is no racial predilection to chondroblastoma.

Risk Factors

There are no established risk factors for [disease name].

OR

The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

OR

Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

OR

Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.

Screening

There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for [disease/malignancy].

OR

According to the [guideline name], screening for [disease name] is not recommended.

OR

According to the [guideline name], screening for [disease name] by [test 1] is recommended every [duration] among patients with [condition 1], [condition 2], and [condition 3].

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].

OR

Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

OR

Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].

OR

The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which include [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].

OR

The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [definition name] definition, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].

OR

There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].

History and Symptoms

The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.

OR

The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Common symptoms of [disease] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Less common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].

Physical Examination

Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance]. Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

Common physical examination findings of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].

OR

The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].

Laboratory Findings

An elevated/reduced concentration of serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].

OR

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].

OR

[Test] is usually normal among patients with [disease name].

OR

Some patients with [disease name] may have elevated/reduced concentration of [test], which is usually suggestive of [progression/complication].

OR

There are no diagnostic laboratory findings associated with [disease name].

Electrocardiogram

There are no ECG findings associated with [disease name].

OR

An ECG may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an ECG suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

X-ray

There are no x-ray findings associated with [disease name].

OR

An x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an x-ray suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

There are no x-ray findings associated with [disease name]. However, an x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with [disease name].

OR

Echocardiography/ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an echocardiography/ultrasound suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with [disease name]. However, an echocardiography/ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

CT scan

There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name].

OR

[Location] CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on CT scan suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name]. However, a CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

MRI

There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name].

OR

[Location] MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on MRI suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name]. However, a MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

Other Imaging Findings

There are no other imaging findings associated with [disease name].

OR

[Imaging modality] may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an [imaging modality] suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Other Diagnostic Studies

There are no other diagnostic studies associated with [disease name].

OR

[Diagnostic study] may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

Other diagnostic studies for [disease name] include [diagnostic study 1], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3], and [diagnostic study 2], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Treatment

Medical Therapy

There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.

OR

Supportive therapy for [disease name] includes [therapy 1], [therapy 2], and [therapy 3].

OR

The majority of cases of [disease name] are self-limited and require only supportive care.

OR

[Disease name] is a medical emergency and requires prompt treatment.

OR

The mainstay of treatment for [disease name] is [therapy].

OR   The optimal therapy for [malignancy name] depends on the stage at diagnosis.

OR

[Therapy] is recommended among all patients who develop [disease name].

OR

Pharmacologic medical therapy is recommended among patients with [disease subclass 1], [disease subclass 2], and [disease subclass 3].

OR

Pharmacologic medical therapies for [disease name] include (either) [therapy 1], [therapy 2], and/or [therapy 3].

OR

Empiric therapy for [disease name] depends on [disease factor 1] and [disease factor 2].

OR

Patients with [disease subclass 1] are treated with [therapy 1], whereas patients with [disease subclass 2] are treated with [therapy 2].

Surgery

Surgical intervention is not recommended for the management of [disease name].

OR

Surgery is not the first-line treatment option for patients with [disease name]. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either [indication 1], [indication 2], and [indication 3]

OR

The mainstay of treatment for [disease name] is medical therapy. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either [indication 1], [indication 2], and/or [indication 3].

OR

The feasibility of surgery depends on the stage of [malignancy] at diagnosis.

OR

Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for [disease or malignancy].

Primary Prevention

There are no established measures for the primary prevention of [disease name].

OR

There are no available vaccines against [disease name].

OR

Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].

OR

[Vaccine name] vaccine is recommended for [patient population] to prevent [disease name]. Other primary prevention strategies include [strategy 1], [strategy 2], and [strategy 3].

Secondary Prevention

There are no established measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name].

OR

Effective measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name] include [strategy 1], [strategy 2], and [strategy 3].

References

  1. ↑ Fitzgerald, Judd; Broehm, Cory; Chafey, David; Treme, Gehron (2014). "Chondroblastoma of the Knee Treated with Resection and Osteochondral Allograft Reconstruction". Case Reports in Orthopedics. 2014: 1–7. doi:10.1155/2014/543959. ISSN 2090-6749.
  2. ↑ Jawad MU, Scully SP (2010). "In brief: classifications in brief: enneking classification: benign and malignant tumors of the musculoskeletal system". Clin Orthop Relat Res. 468 (7): 2000–2. doi:10.1007/s11999-010-1315-7. PMC 2882012. PMID 20333492.
  3. ↑ Peabody, Terrance (2014). Orthopaedic oncology : primary and metastatic tumors of the skeletal system. Cham: Springer. ISBN 9783319073224.
  4. ↑ Mii Y, Miyauchi Y, Morishita T, Miura S, Honoki K, Aoki M; et al. (1994). "Ultrastructural cytochemical demonstration of proteoglycans and calcium in the extracellular matrix of chondroblastomas". Hum Pathol. 25 (12): 1290–4. PMID 8001922.
  5. ↑ Aigner T, Loos S, Inwards C, Perris R, Perissinotto D, Unni KK; et al. (1999). "Chondroblastoma is an osteoid-forming, but not cartilage-forming neoplasm". J Pathol. 189 (4): 463–9. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199912)189:4<463::AID-PATH476>3.0.CO;2-N. PMID 10629544.
  6. ↑ Brien EW, Mirra JM, Ippolito V (1995). "Chondroblastoma arising from a nonepiphyseal site". Skeletal Radiol. 24 (3): 220–2. PMID 7610417.
  7. ↑ Punit A, Nadkarni S, Doomra T (2014). "Chondroblastoma of Diaphysis of Radius in a Seven Year Old Child". J Orthop Case Rep. 4 (3): 32–5. doi:10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.191. PMC 4719322. PMID 27298978.
  8. ↑ Peabody, Terrance (2014). Orthopaedic oncology : primary and metastatic tumors of the skeletal system. Cham: Springer. ISBN 9783319073224.
  9. ↑ Dahlin DC, Ivins JC (1972). "Benign chondroblastoma. A study of 125 cases". Cancer. 30 (2): 401–13. PMID 5051664.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Bulanov DV, Semenova LA, Makhson AN, Bulycheva IV (2007). "[Chondrosarcoma of the larynx]". Arkh Patol. 69 (6): 50–2. PMID 18290384.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Turcotte RE, Kurt AM, Sim FH, Unni KK, McLeod RA (1993). "Chondroblastoma". Hum Pathol. 24 (9): 944–9. PMID 8253461.


Template:WikiDoc Sources

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Chondroblastoma&oldid=1510803"