Abnormalities in micturition: Difference between revisions
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! colspan="3" rowspan="5" |Diseases | ! colspan="3" rowspan="5" |Diseases | ||
| colspan="9" |'''Clinical manifestations''' | | colspan="9" |'''Clinical manifestations''' | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="5" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Para-clinical findings | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Gold standard''' | | colspan="1" rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Gold standard''' | ||
! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Additional findings | ! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Additional findings | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab Findings | ! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab Findings | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever | ! colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever | ||
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! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ultrasonography | ! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ultrasonography | ||
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |CT scan | ! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |CT scan | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysuria | ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysuria | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |often shows UTI in women | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |often shows UTI in women | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
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* [[Vesicles]] | * [[Vesicles]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Aphthous ulcer|aphthous]] [[ulcer]] in mouth | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Aphthous ulcer|aphthous]] [[ulcer]] in mouth | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
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* [[hydronephrosis]] | * [[hydronephrosis]] | ||
* beaded necklace like in emphysematous cystitis | * beaded necklace like in emphysematous cystitis | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Urine culture to sensitivity | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Urine culture to sensitivity | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |– | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |– | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
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* Hypoechoic when there is edema(swollen kidney) | * Hypoechoic when there is edema(swollen kidney) | ||
* Gas buubles in emphysematous pyelonephritis | * Gas buubles in emphysematous pyelonephritis | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | ||
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! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ultrasonography | ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ultrasonography | ||
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |CT scan | ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |CT scan | ||
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard | ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard | ||
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Additional findings | ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Additional findings | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background: #DCDCDC; text-align: center;" |[[Vulvovaginitis]]<ref name="pmid20461391">{{cite journal |vauthors=Esim Buyukbayrak E, Kars B, Karsidag AY, Karadeniz BI, Kaymaz O, Gencer S, Pirimoglu ZM, Unal O, Turan MC |title=Diagnosis of vulvovaginitis: comparison of clinical and microbiological diagnosis |journal=Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. |volume=282 |issue=5 |pages=515–9 |date=November 2010 |pmid=20461391 |doi=10.1007/s00404-010-1498-x |url=}}</ref> | | style="background: #DCDCDC; text-align: center;" |[[Vulvovaginitis]]<ref name="pmid20461391">{{cite journal |vauthors=Esim Buyukbayrak E, Kars B, Karsidag AY, Karadeniz BI, Kaymaz O, Gencer S, Pirimoglu ZM, Unal O, Turan MC |title=Diagnosis of vulvovaginitis: comparison of clinical and microbiological diagnosis |journal=Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. |volume=282 |issue=5 |pages=515–9 |date=November 2010 |pmid=20461391 |doi=10.1007/s00404-010-1498-x |url=}}</ref> | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |± | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Microbiological diagnosis | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Microbiological diagnosis | ||
* Wet mount | * Wet mount | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N or show [[PID]] like feature | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N or show [[PID]] like feature | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N or show [[PID]] like feature | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N or show [[PID]] like feature | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Culture of vaginal discharge | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Culture of vaginal discharge | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[NAAT]] for gonocooccal cervicitis | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[NAAT]] for gonocooccal cervicitis | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |± | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |– | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Tender prostate | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | ||
* [[WBC]] | |||
* [[Leukocyte esterase]] | |||
* [[Nitrite|Ntrite]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Prostate massage for chronic prostatits leads to raised leukocytes in urine | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background: #DCDCDC; text-align: center;" |[[Epididymoorchitis]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; text-align: center;" |[[Epididymoorchitis]] | ||
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Revision as of 15:31, 25 July 2018
Micturation Abnormalities Microchapters |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Classification
- There is no established system for the classification of abnormalities in micturition.
Causes
- The causes of abnormalities in micturition includes causes of dysuria and incontinence:
Abnormalities of Micturition Differential Diagnosis
Differentiating the diseases that can cause abnormality in micturition:
Abbreviations: N= Normal, UTI= Urinary tract infection, CBC= Complete blood count, CT= Computed tomography, IBS= Irritable bowel syndrome, DRE= Digital rectal examination, HSV= Herpes simplex virus,
Diseases | Clinical manifestations | Para-clinical findings | Gold standard | Additional findings | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Symptoms | Physical examination | |||||||||||||||||
Lab Findings | Imaging | |||||||||||||||||
Fever | Urinary symptoms | Supra-pubic tenderness | Skin lesions | Other | CBC | Electrolytes | Urinalysis | Ultrasonography | CT scan | |||||||||
Dysuria | Frequency | Dribbling | Hesitancy | Nocturia | ||||||||||||||
Inflammatory | Dermatological disorders | Lichen sclerosus[1] | – | + | – | – | + | – | – | Lichenified plaques | – | N | N | often shows UTI in women | N | N | Biopsy | |
Behcet's syndrome[2][3][4] | – | + | + | – | + | + | – | aphthous ulcer in mouth | N | N | N | N | N | None |
| |||
Infectious diseases | Cystitis[5][6] | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | N | – | Leukopenia | N |
|
|
Urine culture to sensitivity | N | ||
Urethritis[7][8][9] | + | + | + | – | + | – | + |
|
– | Leukocytosis | N | N | N | N | Urethral swab for culture, NAAT | N | ||
Pyelonephritis[10][11] | + | + | + | – | – | + | ± | N | Urgency | Leukocytosis | Hyperkalemia |
|
||||||
Diseases | Fever | Dysuria | Frequency | Dribbling | Hesitancy | Nocturia | Suprapubic tenderness | Skin lesions | Other | CBC | Electrolytes | Urinalysis | Ultrasonography | CT scan | Gold standard | Additional findings | ||
Vulvovaginitis[12] | ± | + | + | + | + | – | – |
|
Thick white discharge | N | N | N | N | N | Microbiological diagnosis
|
|||
Cervicitis | + | ± | + | ± | – | – | + |
|
Thick yellow green pus | Leukocytosis | N | WBC | N or show PID like feature | N or show PID like feature | Culture of vaginal discharge | NAAT for gonocooccal cervicitis | ||
Prostatitis | + | + | + | + | + | + | ± | – | Tender prostate | Leukocytosis | N | N | N | Prostate massage for chronic prostatits leads to raised leukocytes in urine | ||||
Epididymoorchitis | + | + | – | + | – | – | – | |||||||||||
Non-inflammatory | Anatomic | Urethral stricture | – | |||||||||||||||
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) | – | + | + | + | + | + | – | |||||||||||
Drug | Spermicides | – | ||||||||||||||||
Cyclophosphamide | – | + | ||||||||||||||||
Gynecological | Atrophic vaginitis | – | ||||||||||||||||
Endometriosis | – | + | ||||||||||||||||
Malignancy | Bladder cancer | – | – | |||||||||||||||
Vulvovaginal cancer | ± | – | ||||||||||||||||
Iatrogenic | Genitourinary instrumentation | + | – | |||||||||||||||
Pelvic irradiation | – | |||||||||||||||||
Trauma | ± | ± |
References
- ↑ Ventolini G, Patel R, Vasquez R (2015). "Lichen sclerosus: a potpourri of misdiagnosed cases based on atypical clinical presentations". Int J Womens Health. 7: 511–5. doi:10.2147/IJWH.S82879. PMC 4431497. PMID 26056492.
- ↑ Theodorou C, Floratos D, Hatzinicolaou P, Vaiopoulos G (August 1999). "Neurogenic bladder dysfunction due to Behçet's disease". Int. J. Urol. 6 (8): 423–5. PMID 10466456.
- ↑ Porru D, Pau AC, Scarpa RM, Zanolla L, Cao A, Usai E (May 1996). "Behçet's disease and the neuropathic bladder: urodynamic features: case report and a literature review". Spinal Cord. 34 (5): 305–7. PMID 8963981.
- ↑ Cetinel B, Akpinar H, Tüfek I, Uygun N, Solok V, Yazici H (January 1999). "Bladder involvement in Behçet's syndrome". J. Urol. 161 (1): 52–6. PMID 10037367.
- ↑ Grover S, Srivastava A, Lee R, Tewari AK, Te AE (February 2011). "Role of inflammation in bladder function and interstitial cystitis". Ther Adv Urol. 3 (1): 19–33. doi:10.1177/1756287211398255. PMC 3126088. PMID 21789096.
- ↑ Eken A, Alma E (2013). "Emphysematous cystitis: The role of CT imaging and appropriate treatment". Can Urol Assoc J. 7 (11–12): E754–6. doi:10.5489/cuaj.472. PMC 3840514. PMID 24282470.
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