Femoral hernia physical examination: Difference between revisions
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===Genitourinary=== | ===Genitourinary=== | ||
*Swelling/lump may be present below the inguinal ligament.<ref name="pmid25693015">{{cite journal| author=Fitzgibbons RJ, Forse RA| title=Clinical practice. Groin hernias in adults. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2015 | volume= 372 | issue= 8 | pages= 756-63 | pmid=25693015 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1404068 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25693015 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21250263">{{cite journal |vauthors=Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, Amerson JR |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=21250263 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *Swelling/lump may be present below the inguinal ligament.<ref name="pmid25693015">{{cite journal| author=Fitzgibbons RJ, Forse RA| title=Clinical practice. Groin hernias in adults. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2015 | volume= 372 | issue= 8 | pages= 756-63 | pmid=25693015 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1404068 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25693015 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21250263">{{cite journal |vauthors=Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, Amerson JR |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=21250263 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*If incarceration is present the palpable swelling below the inguinal ligament may be tender.<ref name=" | *If incarceration is present the palpable swelling below the inguinal ligament may be tender.<ref name="pmid25693015">{{cite journal| author=Fitzgibbons RJ, Forse RA| title=Clinical practice. Groin hernias in adults. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2015 | volume= 372 | issue= 8 | pages= 756-63 | pmid=25693015 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1404068 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25693015 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25489584">{{cite journal| author=Yang XF, Liu JL| title=Acute incarcerated external abdominal hernia. | journal=Ann Transl Med | year= 2014 | volume= 2 | issue= 11 | pages= 110 | pmid=25489584 | doi=10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.11.05 | pmc=4245506 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25489584 }} </ref> | ||
===Neuromuscular=== | ===Neuromuscular=== |
Revision as of 15:31, 2 February 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: M. Khurram Afzal, MD [2]
Overview
Patients with femoral hernia usually appear normal. Physical examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually remarkable for swelling or lump below the inguinal ligament maybe present. It is a difficult diagnosis and maybe impossible to differentiate from inguinal hernia. If incarceration is present, the swelling or lump maybe tender.
Physical Examination
- The presence of lump or swelling below the inguinal ligament on physical examination is highly suggestive of femoral hernia.[1][2]
Appearance of the Patient
- Patients with femoral hernia usually appear normal.
Vital Signs
- Vital signs of patients with femoral hernia are usually normal.
- If incarceration is present, the following vital signs maybe present indicating sepsis:[1]
- Fever
- Tachycardia with regular pulse
- Low blood pressure
Skin
- Skin examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
HEENT
- HEENT examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
Neck
- Neck examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
Lungs
- Pulmonary examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
Heart
- Cardiovascular examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
Abdomen
- Abdominal examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
- If incarceration is present bowel sounds maybe absent.[1][3]
Back
- Back examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
Genitourinary
- Swelling/lump may be present below the inguinal ligament.[1][2]
- If incarceration is present the palpable swelling below the inguinal ligament may be tender.[1][3]
Neuromuscular
- Neuromuscular examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
Extremities
- Extremities examination of patients with femoral hernia is usually normal.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Fitzgibbons RJ, Forse RA (2015). "Clinical practice. Groin hernias in adults". N Engl J Med. 372 (8): 756–63. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1404068. PMID 25693015.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, Amerson JR. PMID 21250263. Missing or empty
|title=
(help) - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Yang XF, Liu JL (2014). "Acute incarcerated external abdominal hernia". Ann Transl Med. 2 (11): 110. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.11.05. PMC 4245506. PMID 25489584.