Vitamin D deficiency physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Patients with vitamin D deficiency usually appear normal. Physical examination of patients with severe prolonged vitamin D deficiency is usually remarkable for bowing of the legs in children and periosteal bone tenderness. <ref name="pmid16529140">{{cite journal |vauthors=Holick MF |title=High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health |journal=Mayo Clin. Proc. |volume=81 |issue=3 |pages=353–73 |year=2006 |pmid=16529140 |doi=10.4065/81.3.353 |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025-6196(11)61465-1}}</ref><ref name="pmid18400738">{{cite journal |vauthors=Holick MF, Chen TC |title=Vitamin D deficiency: a worldwide problem with health consequences |journal=Am. J. Clin. Nutr. |volume=87 |issue=4 |pages=1080S–6S |year=2008 |pmid=18400738 |doi= |url=http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=18400738}}</ref> | |||
==Physical examination== | ==Physical examination== | ||
===General Appearance=== | |||
* Patients are usually well-appearing. | |||
* Patients may be [[obese]] or [[underweight]]. | |||
* Patients may show [[fatigue]]. | |||
===Back=== | |||
* Lower back tenderness | |||
===Extremities=== | |||
* Periosteal bone tenderness | |||
* Bowing of the legs <ref name="Holick2006">{{cite journal|last1=Holick|first1=M. F.|title=Resurrection of vitamin D deficiency and rickets|journal=Journal of Clinical Investigation|volume=116|issue=8|year=2006|pages=2062–2072|issn=0021-9738|doi=10.1172/JCI29449}}</ref> | |||
* Positive [[Chvostek's sign]] | |||
* Skeletal deformity | |||
===Neuromuscular=== | |||
* Proximal [[muscle weakness]] | |||
* [[Waddling gait]] <ref name="Holick2006">{{cite journal|last1=Holick|first1=M. F.|title=Resurrection of vitamin D deficiency and rickets|journal=Journal of Clinical Investigation|volume=116|issue=8|year=2006|pages=2062–2072|issn=0021-9738|doi=10.1172/JCI29449}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 02:33, 2 September 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]
Overview
Patients with vitamin D deficiency usually appear normal. Physical examination of patients with severe prolonged vitamin D deficiency is usually remarkable for bowing of the legs in children and periosteal bone tenderness. [1][2]
Physical examination
General Appearance
- Patients are usually well-appearing.
- Patients may be obese or underweight.
- Patients may show fatigue.
Back
- Lower back tenderness
Extremities
- Periosteal bone tenderness
- Bowing of the legs [3]
- Positive Chvostek's sign
- Skeletal deformity
Neuromuscular
- Proximal muscle weakness
- Waddling gait [3]
References
- ↑ Holick MF (2006). "High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health". Mayo Clin. Proc. 81 (3): 353–73. doi:10.4065/81.3.353. PMID 16529140.
- ↑ Holick MF, Chen TC (2008). "Vitamin D deficiency: a worldwide problem with health consequences". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 87 (4): 1080S–6S. PMID 18400738.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Holick, M. F. (2006). "Resurrection of vitamin D deficiency and rickets". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 116 (8): 2062–2072. doi:10.1172/JCI29449. ISSN 0021-9738.