Hypogonadism risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common risk factors in the development of hypogonadism in men are | Common risk factors in the development of hypogonadism in men are [[dyslipidemia]], [[obesity]], [[alcohol]] intake, [[malignancies]] and [[metabolic syndrome]]. Common risk factors in women include nulliparous women and those with a history of [[Dysmenorrhea|irregular menses]]. Other risk factors include [[coronary heart disease]], [[hypertension]], [[heart failure]], and [[smoking]].<ref name="pmid25269643" /> | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
===Men=== | ===Men=== | ||
Based on several studies done in different populations, many risk factors for hypogonadism have been suggested. The studies ended up into common and less common risk factors which are discussed below.<ref name=" | Based on several studies done in different populations, many risk factors for hypogonadism have been suggested. The studies ended up into common and less common risk factors which are discussed below.<ref name="pmid25269643">{{cite journal| author=Zarotsky V, Huang MY, Carman W, Morgentaler A, Singhal PK, Coffin D et al.| title=Systematic literature review of the risk factors, comorbidities, and consequences of hypogonadism in men. | journal=Andrology | year= 2014 | volume= 2 | issue= 6 | pages= 819-34 | pmid=25269643 | doi=10.1111/andr.274 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25269643 }} </ref><ref name="HaringIttermann2010">{{citejournal|last1=Haring|first1=Robin|last2=Ittermann|first2=Till|last3=Völzke|first3=Henry|last4=Krebs|first4=Alexander|last5=Zygmunt|first5=Marek|last6=Felix|first6=Stephan B.|last7=Grabe|first7=Hans Jörgen|last8=Nauck|first8=Matthias|last9=Wallaschofski|first9=Henri|title=Prevalence, incidence and risk factors of testosterone deficiency in a population-based cohort of men: results from the study of health in Pomerania|journal=The Aging Male|volume=13|issue=4|year=2010|pages=247–257|issn=1368-5538|doi=10.3109/13685538.2010.487553}}</ref><ref name="pmid15536158">{{cite journal| author=Laaksonen DE, Niskanen L, Punnonen K, Nyyssönen K, Tuomainen TP, Valkonen VP et al.| title=The metabolic syndrome and smoking in relation to hypogonadism in middle-aged men: a prospective cohort study. | journal=J Clin Endocrinol Metab | year= 2005 | volume= 90 | issue= 2 | pages= 712-9 | pmid=15536158 | doi=10.1210/jc.2004-0970 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15536158 }} </ref> | ||
====Common risk factors in men==== | ====Common risk factors in men==== | ||
Common risk factors of hypogonadism include the following: | Common risk factors of hypogonadism include the following: | ||
*Dyslipidemia | *[[Dyslipidemia]] | ||
*Obesity | *[[Obesity]] | ||
*Alcohol intake | *[[Alcohol]] intake | ||
*Cancer | *[[Cancer]] | ||
*Metabolic syndrome | *[[Metabolic syndrome]] | ||
*Poor health status and increase medications intake | *Poor health status and increase [[medications]] intake | ||
*Diabetes mellitus | *[[Diabetes mellitus]] | ||
====Less common risk factors in men==== | ====Less common risk factors in men==== | ||
Less risk factors of hypogonadism include the following: | Less common risk factors of hypogonadism include the following: | ||
*Hypercholesterolemia | *[[Hypercholesterolemia]] | ||
*Coronary artery diseases | *[[Coronary artery disease|Coronary artery diseases]] | ||
*Hypertension | *[[Hypertension]] | ||
*Heart failure | *[[Heart failure]] | ||
*Smoking | *[[Smoking]] | ||
*Chemotherapy | *[[Chemotherapy]] | ||
*Radiotherapy | *[[Radiotherapy]] | ||
===Women=== | ===Women=== | ||
Based on a study done among women in menopause, various risk factors of hypogonadism or premature ovarian failure were suggested. These risk factors are enlisted below.<ref name="pmid12504937">{{cite journal| author=Progetto Menopausa Italia Study Group| title=Premature ovarian failure: frequency and risk factors among women attending a network of menopause clinics in Italy. | journal=BJOG | year= 2003 | volume= 110 | issue= 1 | pages= 59-63 | pmid=12504937 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12504937 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11150874">{{cite journal| author=Testa G, Chiaffarino F, Vegetti W, Nicolosi A, Caliari I, Alagna F et al.| title=Case-control study on risk factors for premature ovarian failure. | journal=Gynecol Obstet Invest | year= 2001 | volume= 51 | issue= 1 | pages= 40-3 | pmid=11150874 | doi=52889 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11150874 }} </ref> | Based on a study done among women in [[menopause]], various risk factors of hypogonadism or [[premature ovarian failure]] were suggested. These risk factors are enlisted below.<ref name="pmid12504937">{{cite journal| author=Progetto Menopausa Italia Study Group| title=Premature ovarian failure: frequency and risk factors among women attending a network of menopause clinics in Italy. | journal=BJOG | year= 2003 | volume= 110 | issue= 1 | pages= 59-63 | pmid=12504937 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12504937 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11150874">{{cite journal| author=Testa G, Chiaffarino F, Vegetti W, Nicolosi A, Caliari I, Alagna F et al.| title=Case-control study on risk factors for premature ovarian failure. | journal=Gynecol Obstet Invest | year= 2001 | volume= 51 | issue= 1 | pages= 40-3 | pmid=11150874 | doi=52889 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11150874 }} </ref> | ||
====Common risk factors in women==== | ====Common risk factors in women==== | ||
* | *Nulliparous women | ||
*History of irregular menstrual periods | *History of irregular menstrual periods | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of hypogonadism in men are dyslipidemia, obesity, alcohol intake, malignancies and metabolic syndrome. Common risk factors in women include nulliparous women and those with a history of irregular menses. Other risk factors include coronary heart disease, hypertension, heart failure, and smoking.[1]
Risk Factors
Men
Based on several studies done in different populations, many risk factors for hypogonadism have been suggested. The studies ended up into common and less common risk factors which are discussed below.[1][2][3]
Common risk factors in men
Common risk factors of hypogonadism include the following:
- Dyslipidemia
- Obesity
- Alcohol intake
- Cancer
- Metabolic syndrome
- Poor health status and increase medications intake
- Diabetes mellitus
Less common risk factors in men
Less common risk factors of hypogonadism include the following:
- Hypercholesterolemia
- Coronary artery diseases
- Hypertension
- Heart failure
- Smoking
- Chemotherapy
- Radiotherapy
Women
Based on a study done among women in menopause, various risk factors of hypogonadism or premature ovarian failure were suggested. These risk factors are enlisted below.[4][5]
Common risk factors in women
- Nulliparous women
- History of irregular menstrual periods
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Zarotsky V, Huang MY, Carman W, Morgentaler A, Singhal PK, Coffin D; et al. (2014). "Systematic literature review of the risk factors, comorbidities, and consequences of hypogonadism in men". Andrology. 2 (6): 819–34. doi:10.1111/andr.274. PMID 25269643.
- ↑ Template:Citejournal
- ↑ Laaksonen DE, Niskanen L, Punnonen K, Nyyssönen K, Tuomainen TP, Valkonen VP; et al. (2005). "The metabolic syndrome and smoking in relation to hypogonadism in middle-aged men: a prospective cohort study". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 90 (2): 712–9. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0970. PMID 15536158.
- ↑ Progetto Menopausa Italia Study Group (2003). "Premature ovarian failure: frequency and risk factors among women attending a network of menopause clinics in Italy". BJOG. 110 (1): 59–63. PMID 12504937.
- ↑ Testa G, Chiaffarino F, Vegetti W, Nicolosi A, Caliari I, Alagna F; et al. (2001). "Case-control study on risk factors for premature ovarian failure". Gynecol Obstet Invest. 51 (1): 40–3. doi:52889 Check
|doi=value (help). PMID 11150874.