Enterobiasis overview: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 12:36, 21 June 2017

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] A pinworm is a small, thin, white roundworm (nematode) called Enterobius vermicularis that sometimes lives in the colon and rectum of humans. Pinworms are about the length of a staple. While an infected person sleeps, female pinworms leave the intestine through the anus and deposit their eggs on the surrounding skin.

The pinworm (Genus Enterobius) is a parasitic roundworm of the phylum Nematoda. Enterobiasis is the medical condition of being infected with pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis). It may be referred to, less precisely, as oxyuriasis, in reference to the family Oxyuridae, which contains the genus enterobiasis.

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating (Disease name) from other Conditions

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Prevention

Videos

Pinworms Found on Colonoscopy

References

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+A pinworm is a small, thin, white roundworm ([[nematode]]) called Enterobius vermicularis that sometimes lives in the colon and rectum of humans. Pinworms are about the length of a staple. While an infected person   sleeps, female pinworms leave the intestine through the anus and deposit their eggs on the surrounding skin.
+The '''pinworm''' (Genus ''Enterobius'') is a [[parasitic]] [[roundworm]] of the phylum [[Nematoda]]. Enterobiasis is the medical condition of being [[infection|infected]] with [[pinworm]]s (''[[Enterobius vermicularis]]''). It may be referred to, less precisely, as oxyuriasis, in reference to the [[Family (biology)|family]] ''Oxyuridae'', which contains the [[genus]] enterobiasis.
 ==Overview==
-A pinworm is a small, thin, white roundworm ([[nematode]]) called Enterobius vermicularis that sometimes lives in the colon and rectum of humans. Pinworms are about the length of a staple. While an infected person   sleeps, female pinworms leave the intestine through the anus and deposit their eggs on the surrounding skin.
-The '''pinworm''' (Genus ''Enterobius'') is a [[parasitic]] [[roundworm]] of the phylum [[Nematoda]]. Enterobiasis is the medical condition of being [[infection|infected]] with [[pinworm]]s (''[[Enterobius vermicularis]]''). It may be referred to, less precisely, as oxyuriasis, in reference to the [[Family (biology)|family]] ''Oxyuridae'', which contains the [[genus]] enterobiasis.
+==Historical Perspective==
+==Classification==
+==Pathophysiology==
 ==Causes==
-The human pinworm ''[[Enterobius vermicularis]]'' and the more recently discovered ''[[Enterobius gregorii]]'' causes enterobiasis.
+==Differentiating (Disease name) from other Conditions==
 ==Epidemiology and Demographics==
-Pinworms are particularly common in children. The prevalence of pinworms is not associated with gender, race, social class, or culture. The pinworm has a worldwide distribution, and is the most common [[helminth]] (i.e., parasitic worm) infection in the United States and Western Europe.
 ==Risk Factors==
-Children are at increased risk of having pinworm infection. Because it spreads from host to host through [[contamination]], pinworms are common among people living in close contact, and tends to occur in all people within a household. Finger sucking has been shown to increase both incidence and relapse rates, and nail biting has been similarly associated.
+==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
 ==Diagnosis==
 ===History and Symptoms===
-The symptoms may include painful [[itching]] around the [[anus]], restless [[sleep]], poor [[appetite]], and failure to gain weight.
+===Physical Examination===
 ===Laboratory Findings===
-Diagnosis is often made clinically by observing the female worm (or many worms) in the peri-anal region, but can also be made using the [["scotch-tape" test]], in which the sticky side of a strip of [[cellophane]] tape is pressed against the peri-anal skin, then examined under a microscope for pinworm eggs.
+===Electrocardiogram===
+===Chest X Ray===
+===Echocardiography or Ultrasound===
+===Other Imaging Findings===
 ==Treatment==
 ===Medical Therapy===
-Treatment is straightforward in uncomplicated cases, however, elimination of the parasite from a family group or institution often poses significant problems—either due to an incomplete cure or reinfection. The condition can be treated with [[mebendazole]] (Vermox), [[albendazole]], [[piperazine]] (Antepar), or mostly commonly [[pyrantel pamoate]] (Combatrin, Povan). Taking a second dose of medication two weeks after the first will usually kill any pinworms that might have hatched in the meantime, before they are able to produce new eggs. More than one household member is likely to be infected, so the entire household is often treated.
-===Secondary Prevention===
+===Surgery===
-Great care should be taken to shower daily, and wash hands before every meal to avoid re-infection. All infected materials (pajamas, bedclothes, and underwear) should be washed with soap and hot water daily. Avoid scratching the infected area around the anus. This can contaminate your fingers and everything else that you touch afterwards. Keep your hands and fingers away from your nose and mouth unless they are freshly washed. Carry out these measures while family members are being treated for pinworms.
+===Prevention===
 ==Videos==