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Screening for the [[infectious]] causes of cervicitis is recommended according to the 2015 [[Sexually Transmitted Diseases]] Treatment Guidelines by the [[CDC]].<ref name=STD-guildline>{{cite web | title = 2015 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines (CDC) | url = http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/screening-recommendations.htm }}</ref><ref name=Gonorrhea-recomm>Workowski KA, Bolan GA. Sexually transmitted diseases treat- ment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep 2015;64:60–68.</ref><ref name=abc> Screening Recommendations Referenced in Treatment Guidelines and Original Recommendation Sources. CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/screening-recommendations.htm. Accessed on January 6th, 2016</ref><ref name=cde> Screening recommendation for chlamydia. UPSTF. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/chlamydia-and-gonorrhea-screening?ds=1&s=chlamydia(2014). Acessed on September 8, 2016</ref> | Screening for the [[infectious]] causes of cervicitis is recommended according to the 2015 [[Sexually Transmitted Diseases]] Treatment Guidelines by the [[CDC]].<ref name=STD-guildline>{{cite web | title = 2015 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines (CDC) | url = http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/screening-recommendations.htm }}</ref><ref name=Gonorrhea-recomm>Workowski KA, Bolan GA. Sexually transmitted diseases treat- ment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep 2015;64:60–68.</ref><ref name=abc> Screening Recommendations Referenced in Treatment Guidelines and Original Recommendation Sources. CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/screening-recommendations.htm. Accessed on January 6th, 2016</ref><ref name=cde> Screening recommendation for chlamydia. UPSTF. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/chlamydia-and-gonorrhea-screening?ds=1&s=chlamydia(2014). Acessed on September 8, 2016</ref> | ||
Screening for [[Chlamydia infection|chlamydia]] and [[gonorrhea]] is recommended in sexually active women under 25 years of age, sexually active women aged 25 years and older if at increased risk, all pregnant women under 25 years of age, and pregnant women aged 25 and older if at increased risk. | |||
==Screening== | ==Screening== | ||
Screening for the infectious causes of cervicitis is recommended according to the 2015 [[Sexually Transmitted Diseases]] Treatment Guidelines by the [[CDC]] as follows:<ref name=STD-guildline>{{cite web | title = 2015 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines (CDC) | url = http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/screening-recommendations.htm }}</ref><ref name=Gonorrhea-recomm>Workowski KA, Bolan GA. Sexually transmitted diseases treat- ment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep 2015;64:60–68.</ref><ref name=abc> Screening Recommendations Referenced in Treatment Guidelines and Original Recommendation Sources. CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/screening-recommendations.htm. Accessed on January 6th, 2016</ref><ref name=cde> Screening recommendation for chlamydia. UPSTF. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/chlamydia-and-gonorrhea-screening?ds=1&s=chlamydia(2014). Acessed on September 8, 2016</ref> | Screening for the [[infectious]] causes of cervicitis is recommended according to the 2015 [[Sexually Transmitted Diseases]] Treatment Guidelines by the [[CDC]] as follows:<ref name=STD-guildline>{{cite web | title = 2015 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines (CDC) | url = http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/screening-recommendations.htm }}</ref><ref name=Gonorrhea-recomm>Workowski KA, Bolan GA. Sexually transmitted diseases treat- ment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep 2015;64:60–68.</ref><ref name=abc> Screening Recommendations Referenced in Treatment Guidelines and Original Recommendation Sources. CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/screening-recommendations.htm. Accessed on January 6th, 2016</ref><ref name=cde> Screening recommendation for chlamydia. UPSTF. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/chlamydia-and-gonorrhea-screening?ds=1&s=chlamydia(2014). Acessed on September 8, 2016</ref> | ||
===Chlamydia cervicitis=== | ===Chlamydia cervicitis=== | ||
*Sexually active women under 25 years of age | *Sexually active women under 25 years of age | ||
*Sexually active women aged 25 years and older if at increased risk | *Sexually active women aged 25 years and older if at increased risk | ||
*Retest approximately 3 months after treatment. | *Retest approximately 3 months after treatment. | ||
In pregnant women as follows: | In pregnant women as follows: | ||
*All pregnant women under 25 years of age | *All pregnant women under 25 years of age | ||
*Pregnant women, aged 25 and older if at increased risk | *Pregnant women, aged 25 and older if at increased risk | ||
*Retest during the 3rd trimester for women under 25 years of age or at risk | *Retest during the 3rd trimester for women under 25 years of age or at risk | ||
Individuals with HIV as follows: | Individuals with [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]] as follows: | ||
*For sexually active individuals, screen at first HIV evaluation, and at least annually thereafter | *For sexually active individuals, screen at first [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]] evaluation, and at least annually thereafter | ||
*More frequent screening might be appropriate depending on individual risk behaviors and the local epidemiology | *More frequent screening might be appropriate depending on individual risk behaviors and the local epidemiology | ||
===Gonococcal cervicitis=== | ===Gonococcal cervicitis=== | ||
Screening is recommended in high risk | Screening is recommended in high risk individuals as follows: | ||
* Sexually active women under 25 years of age | |||
* All pregnant women under 25 years of age and older women if at increased risk | |||
All pregnant women under 25 years of age and older women if at increased risk | |||
Sexually active women age 25 years and older if at increased risk as follows: | Sexually active women age 25 years and older if at increased risk as follows: | ||
*Prior history of sexually transmitted | *Prior history of [[Sexually transmitted disease|sexually transmitted infections]] | ||
*A new sexual partner | *A new sexual partner | ||
*More than one sexual partner | *More than one sexual partner | ||
A sexual partner with concurrent partners | A sexual partner with concurrent partners | ||
*A sexual partner who has a sexually transmitted infection | *A sexual partner who has a [[Sexually transmitted disease|sexually transmitted infection]] | ||
HIV infected women as follows: | [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]] infected women as follows: | ||
*For sexually active individuals, screen at first [[HIV]] evaluation, and at least annually | *For sexually active individuals, screen at first [[HIV]] evaluation, and at least annually | ||
*More frequent screening | *More frequent screening might be appropriate depending on individual risk behaviors and the local epidemiology | ||
===Herpes Cervicitis=== | ===Herpes Cervicitis=== | ||
Screening is recommended in pregnant women. Cesarean delivery is | Screening is recommended in pregnant women. [[Caesarean section|Cesarean delivery]] is recommended in pregnant women with an active lesion. | ||
===Other nongonococcal infections=== | ===Other nongonococcal infections=== | ||
There is no specific screening modality for trichomonas vaginalis,<ref name="pmid24555561">{{cite journal| author=Seña AC, Bachmann LH, Hobbs MM| title=Persistent and recurrent Trichomonas vaginalis infections: epidemiology, treatment and management considerations. | journal=Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther | year= 2014 | volume= 12 | issue= 6 | pages= 673-85 | pmid=24555561 | doi=10.1586/14787210.2014.887440 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24555561 }} </ref> Mycoplasma genitalium and bacterial vaginosis. | There is no specific screening modality for [[Trichomonas vaginalis|''trichomonas vaginalis'']],<ref name="pmid24555561">{{cite journal| author=Seña AC, Bachmann LH, Hobbs MM| title=Persistent and recurrent Trichomonas vaginalis infections: epidemiology, treatment and management considerations. | journal=Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther | year= 2014 | volume= 12 | issue= 6 | pages= 673-85 | pmid=24555561 | doi=10.1586/14787210.2014.887440 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24555561 }} </ref> [[Mycoplasma genitalium infection|''Mycoplasma genitalium'']] and [[bacterial vaginosis]]. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 20:14, 27 February 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [2]
Overview
Screening for the infectious causes of cervicitis is recommended according to the 2015 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines by the CDC.[1][2][3][4]
Screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea is recommended in sexually active women under 25 years of age, sexually active women aged 25 years and older if at increased risk, all pregnant women under 25 years of age, and pregnant women aged 25 and older if at increased risk.
Screening
Screening for the infectious causes of cervicitis is recommended according to the 2015 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines by the CDC as follows:[1][2][3][4]
Chlamydia cervicitis
- Sexually active women under 25 years of age
- Sexually active women aged 25 years and older if at increased risk
- Retest approximately 3 months after treatment.
In pregnant women as follows:
- All pregnant women under 25 years of age
- Pregnant women, aged 25 and older if at increased risk
- Retest during the 3rd trimester for women under 25 years of age or at risk
Individuals with HIV as follows:
- For sexually active individuals, screen at first HIV evaluation, and at least annually thereafter
- More frequent screening might be appropriate depending on individual risk behaviors and the local epidemiology
Gonococcal cervicitis
Screening is recommended in high risk individuals as follows:
- Sexually active women under 25 years of age
- All pregnant women under 25 years of age and older women if at increased risk
Sexually active women age 25 years and older if at increased risk as follows:
- Prior history of sexually transmitted infections
- A new sexual partner
- More than one sexual partner
A sexual partner with concurrent partners
- A sexual partner who has a sexually transmitted infection
HIV infected women as follows:
- For sexually active individuals, screen at first HIV evaluation, and at least annually
- More frequent screening might be appropriate depending on individual risk behaviors and the local epidemiology
Herpes Cervicitis
Screening is recommended in pregnant women. Cesarean delivery is recommended in pregnant women with an active lesion.
Other nongonococcal infections
There is no specific screening modality for trichomonas vaginalis,[5] Mycoplasma genitalium and bacterial vaginosis.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "2015 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines (CDC)".
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Workowski KA, Bolan GA. Sexually transmitted diseases treat- ment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep 2015;64:60–68.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Screening Recommendations Referenced in Treatment Guidelines and Original Recommendation Sources. CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/screening-recommendations.htm. Accessed on January 6th, 2016
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Screening recommendation for chlamydia. UPSTF. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/chlamydia-and-gonorrhea-screening?ds=1&s=chlamydia(2014). Acessed on September 8, 2016
- ↑ Seña AC, Bachmann LH, Hobbs MM (2014). "Persistent and recurrent Trichomonas vaginalis infections: epidemiology, treatment and management considerations". Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 12 (6): 673–85. doi:10.1586/14787210.2014.887440. PMID 24555561.