Bowel obstruction overview: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Bowel obstruction is a mechanical or functional obstruction of the intestines, preventing the normal transit of the products of digestion. It can occur at any level distal to the [[duodenum]] of the [[small intestine]] and is a [[medical emergency]]. Although many cases are not treated surgically, it is a [[surgery|surgical]] problem. | Bowel obstruction is a mechanical or functional obstruction of the intestines, preventing the normal transit of the products of digestion. It can occur at any level distal to the [[duodenum]] of the [[small intestine]] and is a [[medical emergency]]. Although many cases are not treated surgically, it is a [[surgery|surgical]] problem. | ||
==Historical Perspective== | |||
==Classification== | |||
==Pathophysiology== | |||
==Causes== | |||
==Differentiating {{PAGENAME}} from Other Diseases== | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | |||
==Risk Factors== | |||
==Screening== | |||
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | |||
===Natural History=== | |||
===Complications=== | |||
===Prognosis=== | |||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
===Diagnostic Criteria=== | |||
===History and Symptoms=== | |||
The main diagnostic tools are [[blood test]]s, [[X-ray]]s of the abdomen, [[Computed axial tomography|CT scanning]] and/or [[medical ultrasonography|ultrasound]]. If a mass is identified, [[biopsy]] may determine the nature of the mass. | The main diagnostic tools are [[blood test]]s, [[X-ray]]s of the abdomen, [[Computed axial tomography|CT scanning]] and/or [[medical ultrasonography|ultrasound]]. If a mass is identified, [[biopsy]] may determine the nature of the mass. | ||
===X Ray=== | ===Physical Examination=== | ||
===Laboratory Findings=== | |||
===Imaging Findings=== | |||
====X Ray==== | |||
[[Radiology|Radiological]] signs of bowel obstruction include bowel distension and the presence of multiple (more than six) gas-fluid levels on supine and erect abdominal [[Radiography|radiographs]]. | [[Radiology|Radiological]] signs of bowel obstruction include bowel distension and the presence of multiple (more than six) gas-fluid levels on supine and erect abdominal [[Radiography|radiographs]]. | ||
===CT=== | ====CT==== | ||
Contrast enema or small bowel series or [[CT scan]] can be used to define the level of obstruction, whether the obstruction is partial or complete, and to help define the cause of the obstruction. | Contrast enema or small bowel series or [[CT scan]] can be used to define the level of obstruction, whether the obstruction is partial or complete, and to help define the cause of the obstruction. | ||
=== | ====Colonoscopy==== | ||
[[Colonoscopy]], small bowel investigation with ingested camera or push [[endoscopy]], and [[laparoscopy]] are other diagnostic options. | [[Colonoscopy]], small bowel investigation with ingested camera or push [[endoscopy]], and [[laparoscopy]] are other diagnostic options. | ||
===Other Diagnostic Studies=== | |||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
===Medical Therapy=== | |||
Some causes of bowel obstruction may resolve spontaneously; many require operative treatment. | Some causes of bowel obstruction may resolve spontaneously; many require operative treatment. | ||
===Surgery=== | |||
===Prevention=== | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Surgery]] | ||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Sources}} | {{WikiDoc Sources}} |
Revision as of 17:07, 7 July 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Bowel obstruction is a mechanical or functional obstruction of the intestines, preventing the normal transit of the products of digestion. It can occur at any level distal to the duodenum of the small intestine and is a medical emergency. Although many cases are not treated surgically, it is a surgical problem.
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Bowel obstruction overview from Other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
Complications
Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
History and Symptoms
The main diagnostic tools are blood tests, X-rays of the abdomen, CT scanning and/or ultrasound. If a mass is identified, biopsy may determine the nature of the mass.
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Imaging Findings
X Ray
Radiological signs of bowel obstruction include bowel distension and the presence of multiple (more than six) gas-fluid levels on supine and erect abdominal radiographs.
CT
Contrast enema or small bowel series or CT scan can be used to define the level of obstruction, whether the obstruction is partial or complete, and to help define the cause of the obstruction.
Colonoscopy
Colonoscopy, small bowel investigation with ingested camera or push endoscopy, and laparoscopy are other diagnostic options.
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Some causes of bowel obstruction may resolve spontaneously; many require operative treatment.
Surgery
Prevention
References