Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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The hallmark of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer is a first-degree relative with known [[MMR]]/EPCAM gene mutation. A positive family history of colorectal cancer and meeting Amsterdam I or II criteria or revised Bethesda guidelines is highly suggestive of HNPCC. Some symptoms that are associated with colorectal cancer are change in bowel habits, hematochezia, and rectal pain.<ref name="lynch">Kladny J, Lubinski J. Lynch syndrome (HNPCC). Hered Cancer Clin Pract. 2008;6(2):99-102.</ref> | The hallmark of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer is a first-degree relative with known [[MMR]]/EPCAM gene mutation. A positive family history of colorectal cancer and meeting Amsterdam I or II criteria or revised Bethesda guidelines is highly suggestive of HNPCC. Some symptoms that are associated with colorectal cancer are change in bowel habits, hematochezia, and rectal pain.<ref name="lynch">Kladny J, Lubinski J. Lynch syndrome (HNPCC). Hered Cancer Clin Pract. 2008;6(2):99-102.</ref> | ||
==History and | ==History== | ||
===Family History=== | |||
*Positive history of the disease in a first degree family member | |||
*At least two successive generations affected by HNPCC (histologially confirmed) | |||
*History of colorectal carcinoma and/or endometrial carcinoma or transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter <ref>Vasen HF, Watson P, Mecklin JP, Lynch HT. New clinical criteria for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC, Lynch syndrome) proposed by the International Collaborative group on HNPCC. Gastroenterology. 1999;116(6):1453-6.</ref> | |||
==Symptoms== | |||
Colon cancer often causes no symptoms until it has reached a relatively advanced stage. When symptoms do occur, they depend on the site of the lesion. General symptoms include: | Colon cancer often causes no symptoms until it has reached a relatively advanced stage. When symptoms do occur, they depend on the site of the lesion. General symptoms include: | ||
* Change in bowel habits | * Change in bowel habits | ||
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* Diminished caliber of stools (usually associated with rectal cancer) | * Diminished caliber of stools (usually associated with rectal cancer) | ||
* Rectal pain (usually associated with rectal cancer) | * Rectal pain (usually associated with rectal cancer) | ||
* Nausea/vomiting | * Nausea/vomiting | ||
* Unexplained [[weight loss]] | * Unexplained [[weight loss]] | ||
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* [[Dizziness]] | * [[Dizziness]] | ||
* [[Palpitations]] | * [[Palpitations]] | ||
* [[Metrorrhagia]] in premenopausal women | |||
* Postmenopausal [[vaginal bleeding]] <ref name="pmid22513918">{{cite journal| author=Kong A, Johnson N, Kitchener HC, Lawrie TA| title=Adjuvant radiotherapy for stage I endometrial cancer. | journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev | year= 2012 | volume= 4 | issue= | pages= CD003916 | pmid=22513918 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003916.pub4 | pmc=PMC4164955 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22513918 }} </ref> | |||
* Postcoital bleeding | |||
==References== | ==References== |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]
Overview
The hallmark of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer is a first-degree relative with known MMR/EPCAM gene mutation. A positive family history of colorectal cancer and meeting Amsterdam I or II criteria or revised Bethesda guidelines is highly suggestive of HNPCC. Some symptoms that are associated with colorectal cancer are change in bowel habits, hematochezia, and rectal pain.[1]
History
Family History
- Positive history of the disease in a first degree family member
- At least two successive generations affected by HNPCC (histologially confirmed)
- History of colorectal carcinoma and/or endometrial carcinoma or transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter [2]
Symptoms
Colon cancer often causes no symptoms until it has reached a relatively advanced stage. When symptoms do occur, they depend on the site of the lesion. General symptoms include:
- Change in bowel habits
- Change in frequency (constipation and/or diarrhea)
- Change in the quality of stools
- Change in consistency of stools
- Hematochezia or bleeding per rectum
- Mucus in stools
- Abdominal cramps or discomfort
- Melena (usually associated with upper gastrointestinal disease)
- Tenesmus (usually associated with rectal cancer)
- Diminished caliber of stools (usually associated with rectal cancer)
- Rectal pain (usually associated with rectal cancer)
- Nausea/vomiting
- Unexplained weight loss
- Unexplained loss of appetite
- Weakness
- Fatigue
- Dizziness
- Palpitations
- Metrorrhagia in premenopausal women
- Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding [3]
- Postcoital bleeding
References
- ↑ Kladny J, Lubinski J. Lynch syndrome (HNPCC). Hered Cancer Clin Pract. 2008;6(2):99-102.
- ↑ Vasen HF, Watson P, Mecklin JP, Lynch HT. New clinical criteria for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC, Lynch syndrome) proposed by the International Collaborative group on HNPCC. Gastroenterology. 1999;116(6):1453-6.
- ↑ Kong A, Johnson N, Kitchener HC, Lawrie TA (2012). "Adjuvant radiotherapy for stage I endometrial cancer". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 4: CD003916. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003916.pub4. PMC 4164955. PMID 22513918.