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[[Lassa fever]] caused by [[Arenaviridae]] is an acute viral illness that has been reported at first in West Africa. Although there has been sero-epidemeological evidence of [[Lassa fever]] in 1930's-1950's, the first case was reported in 1969 from Nigeria.
[[Lassa fever]] caused by [[Arenaviridae]] is an acute viral illness that has been reported at first in West Africa. Although there has been sero-epidemeological evidence of [[Lassa fever]] in 1930's-1950's, the first case was reported in 1969 from Nigeria.
==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==
* [[Lassa fever]] is an acute viral illness that occurs in West Africa.  
* In 1955-1956, epidemics with clinical and epidemiological resemblance to Lassa fever were reported in Eastern Province and Sierra Leone.
* Based on the sero-epidemiological studies, it is estimated that [[Lassa fever]] might have occurred without clinical recognition years before the first case reported in 1969. Few such cases are mentioned below<ref name="pmid782738">{{cite journal| author=Monath TP| title=Lassa fever: review of epidemiology and epizootiology. | journal=Bull World Health Organ | year= 1975 | volume= 52 | issue= 4-6 | pages= 577-92 | pmid=782738 | doi= | pmc=PMC2366662 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=782738  }} </ref>.
* The first case of documented Lassa fever was reported in 1969 following the death of 2 nurses in Lassa, Nigeria.<ref name="pmid782738">{{cite journal| author=Monath TP| title=Lassa fever: review of epidemiology and epizootiology. | journal=Bull World Health Organ | year= 1975 | volume= 52 | issue= 4-6 | pages= 577-92 | pmid=782738 | doi= | pmc=PMC2366662 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=782738  }} </ref> Prior to that, similar cases in West Africa were reported and thought to be caused by Lassa fever given the clinical and epidemiological resemblance of the presentation to Lassa fever.
:* 14 day history of [[fever]], [[rash]], [[headache]], [[bradycardia]], [[puffy face]] was reported on a Nigerian Missionary from Makurdi in 1935.
 
:* Lassa neutralizing [[antibody]] was obtained from a [[patient]] who was a missionary in Nigeria by Henderson et al. in 1971 and he had a history of [[Lassa]] like illness in 1952.
* Administration of ribavirin for the treatment of Lassa fever was first introduced by [[Joseph B. McCormick|Joe McCormick]] in 1979.
:* In Eastern Province and Sierra Leone, epidemics which has clinical and epidemiological resemblance to [[Lassa fever]] has been reported in 1955-1956.  
* Lassa fever is uncommon outside West Africa, and fewer than 10 patients with Lassa fever have historically been hospitalized in USA.
* The illness was discovered in 1969 when two missionary [[nurse]]s died in Nigeria, West Africa. The cause of the [[illness]] was found to be [[Lassa virus]], named after the town in Nigeria where the first cases originated. Early and aggressive treatment using [[Ribavirin]] was pioneered by [[Joseph B. McCormick|Joe McCormick]] in 1979.
* [[Lassa fever]] is endemic in parts of west Africa including Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea and Nigeria; however, other neighboring countries are also at risk, as the [[animal]] vector for [[Lassa virus]], the "multimammate rat" ([[Mastomys natalensis]]) is distributed throughout the region.
* In 2009, the first case from Mali was reported in a traveler living in southern Mali; Ghana reported its first cases in late 2011. Isolated cases have also been reported in Côte d’Ivoire and Burkina Faso and there is serologic evidence of [[Lassa virus]] [[infection]] in Togo and Benin.
[[File:Lassa fever history.jpg|thumb|center|800 px|Doctor in a West African hospital is examining a Lassa fever patient in 1977 Adapted from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Lassa fever history<ref name="CDC PHIL Lassa History">{{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention- Lassa fever history | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp}}</ref>]]
[[File:Lassa fever history.jpg|thumb|center|800 px|Doctor in a West African hospital is examining a Lassa fever patient in 1977 Adapted from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Lassa fever history<ref name="CDC PHIL Lassa History">{{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention- Lassa fever history | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp}}</ref>]]


Revision as of 13:27, 9 June 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Lassa hemorrhagic fever; LHF

Overview

Lassa fever caused by Arenaviridae is an acute viral illness that has been reported at first in West Africa. Although there has been sero-epidemeological evidence of Lassa fever in 1930's-1950's, the first case was reported in 1969 from Nigeria.

Historical Perspective

  • In 1955-1956, epidemics with clinical and epidemiological resemblance to Lassa fever were reported in Eastern Province and Sierra Leone.
  • The first case of documented Lassa fever was reported in 1969 following the death of 2 nurses in Lassa, Nigeria.[1] Prior to that, similar cases in West Africa were reported and thought to be caused by Lassa fever given the clinical and epidemiological resemblance of the presentation to Lassa fever.
  • Administration of ribavirin for the treatment of Lassa fever was first introduced by Joe McCormick in 1979.
  • Lassa fever is uncommon outside West Africa, and fewer than 10 patients with Lassa fever have historically been hospitalized in USA.
Doctor in a West African hospital is examining a Lassa fever patient in 1977 Adapted from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Lassa fever history[2]

References

  1. ↑ Monath TP (1975). "Lassa fever: review of epidemiology and epizootiology". Bull World Health Organ. 52 (4–6): 577–92. PMC 2366662. PMID 782738.
  2. ↑ "Public Health Image Library (PHIL), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention- Lassa fever history".
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