Orchitis: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==[[Orchitis overview|Overview]]==
'''Orchitis''' is an often very painful condition of the [[testicles]] involving inflammation, swelling and frequently infection.


==Symptoms==
==[[Orchitis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
[[Symptom]]s of orchitis are similar to those of [[testicular torsion]].  These can include:
* [[Ejaculation]] of [[blood]]
* [[Hematuria]] (blood in the [[urine]])
* [[Pain and nociception|pain]]  
* Visible [[swelling]] of a testicle or testicles and often the inguinal lymph nodes on the affected side.
 
This condition must be [[Diagnosis|diagnosed]] by a [[physician]].


==Causes==
==[[Orchitis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
Orchitis can be related to [[epididymitis]] infection that has spread to the [[testicles]]. Orchitis is a not as common as [[epididymitis]], but should not be taken lightly as loss of function ([[hypogonadism]]) can occur in the testicles.


A common cause for childhood orchitis is [[mumps]].
==[[Orchitis causes|Causes]]==


[[Ischemic]] orchitis may result from damage to the blood vessels of the [[spermatic cord]] during [[Herniorrhaphy|inguinal herniorrhaphy]], and may in the worst event lead to [[testicular atrophy]].
==[[Orchitis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Orchitis from other Diseases]]==


==Differential Diagnosis of Orchitis==
==[[Orchitis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Opthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|}


==Treatment==
==[[Orchitis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


In most cases where orchitis is caused by epididymitis, treatment is an oral antibiotic such as [[cefalexin]] or [[ciprofloxacin]] until infection clears up.
==[[Orchitis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==


For viral infections, antibiotics are not recommended.
==Diagnosis==
[[Orchitis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Orchitis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Orchitis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Orchitis other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Orchitis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


In both causes [[non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]] such as [[naproxen]] or [[ibuprofen]] are recommended to relieve pain. Sometimes stronger pain medications in the [[opiate]] category, particularly [[hydrocodone]], are called for and are frequently prescribed by experienced emergency room physicians.
==Treatment==
[[Orchitis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Orchitis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Orchitis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Orchitis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Orchitis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Orchitis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


==References==
== Case Studies ==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Orchitis case study one|Case #1]]
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Revision as of 18:03, 6 May 2013