|
|
Line 3: |
Line 3: |
| {{CMG}} | | {{CMG}} |
|
| |
|
| ==Overview== | | ==[[Orchitis overview|Overview]]== |
| '''Orchitis''' is an often very painful condition of the [[testicles]] involving inflammation, swelling and frequently infection.
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Symptoms== | | ==[[Orchitis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
| [[Symptom]]s of orchitis are similar to those of [[testicular torsion]]. These can include:
| |
| * [[Ejaculation]] of [[blood]]
| |
| * [[Hematuria]] (blood in the [[urine]])
| |
| * [[Pain and nociception|pain]]
| |
| * Visible [[swelling]] of a testicle or testicles and often the inguinal lymph nodes on the affected side.
| |
|
| |
| This condition must be [[Diagnosis|diagnosed]] by a [[physician]].
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Causes== | | ==[[Orchitis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
| Orchitis can be related to [[epididymitis]] infection that has spread to the [[testicles]]. Orchitis is a not as common as [[epididymitis]], but should not be taken lightly as loss of function ([[hypogonadism]]) can occur in the testicles.
| |
|
| |
|
| A common cause for childhood orchitis is [[mumps]].
| | ==[[Orchitis causes|Causes]]== |
|
| |
|
| [[Ischemic]] orchitis may result from damage to the blood vessels of the [[spermatic cord]] during [[Herniorrhaphy|inguinal herniorrhaphy]], and may in the worst event lead to [[testicular atrophy]]. | | ==[[Orchitis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Orchitis from other Diseases]]== |
|
| |
|
| ==Differential Diagnosis of Orchitis== | | ==[[Orchitis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
| {|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
| |
| |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
| |
| |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Chemical / poisoning'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Dermatologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Drug Side Effect'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Endocrine'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Environmental'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Gastroenterologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Genetic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Hematologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Iatrogenic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Infectious Disease'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Neurologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Oncologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Opthalmologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Psychiatric'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Pulmonary'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Trauma'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Miscellaneous'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Treatment== | | ==[[Orchitis risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
|
| |
|
| In most cases where orchitis is caused by epididymitis, treatment is an oral antibiotic such as [[cefalexin]] or [[ciprofloxacin]] until infection clears up.
| | ==[[Orchitis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
|
| |
|
| For viral infections, antibiotics are not recommended.
| | ==Diagnosis== |
| | [[Orchitis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Orchitis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Orchitis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Orchitis other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Orchitis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
|
| |
|
| In both causes [[non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]] such as [[naproxen]] or [[ibuprofen]] are recommended to relieve pain. Sometimes stronger pain medications in the [[opiate]] category, particularly [[hydrocodone]], are called for and are frequently prescribed by experienced emergency room physicians.
| | ==Treatment== |
| | [[Orchitis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Orchitis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Orchitis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Orchitis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Orchitis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Orchitis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
|
| |
|
| ==References== | | == Case Studies == |
| {{reflist|2}}
| | [[Orchitis case study one|Case #1]] |
| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |
| {{WS}} | | {{WS}} |