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{{Hyponatremia}}
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==Overview==
 
==Historical Perspective==
 
==Classification==
 
==Pathophysiology==


==Overview==
==Causes==
The [[electrolyte disturbance]] '''hyponatremia''' exists in humans when the [[sodium]] (''Natrium'' in [[Latin]]) concentration in the [[blood plasma|plasma]] falls below 130 mmol/L. At lower levels [[water intoxication]] may result, an urgently dangerous condition. Hyponatremia is an abnormality that can occur in isolation or, as most often is the case, as a complication of other medical illnesses.
 
==Differentiating Hereditary pancreatitis from Other Diseases==


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==


Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder. Its frequency is higher in females, the elderly, and in patients who are hospitalized. The incidence of hyponatremia depends largely on the patient population. A hospital incidence of 15–20% is common, while only 3–5% of patients who are hospitalized have a serum sodium level of less than 130 mEq/L. Hyponatremia has been reported in up to 30% of elderly patients in nursing homes and is also present in approximately 30% of depressed patients on [[selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor]]s.<ref name="autogenerated185">Schrier, Robert W. "Does 'asymptomatic hyponatremia' exist?" Nature Reviews Nephrology. Vol 6, Apr 2010; p 185.</ref>
==Risk Factors==
 
==Screening==
 
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
 
 
==Diagnosis==
===Diagnostic Criteria===
 
===History and Symptoms===
 
===Physical Examination===
 
===Laboratory Findings===
 
===Electrocardiogram===
 
===X-ray===
 
===Ultrasound===
 
===CT scan===
 
===MRI===


==Risk Factors==
===Other Imaging Findings===
Hyponatremia is more frequent in females, the elderly, and in patients who are hospitalized. <ref name="autogenerated185">Schrier, Robert W. "Does 'asymptomatic hyponatremia' exist?" Nature Reviews Nephrology. Vol 6, Apr 2010; p 185.</ref>
 
===Other Diagnostic Studies===


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
===Medical Therapy===
===Surgery===
===Primary Prevention===
===Primary Prevention===


Treating the condition that is causing hyponatremia can help. If you play any sports, drink fluids that contain electrolytes (sports drinks). Drinking only water while you take part in high-energy athletic events can lead to acute hyponatremia.
===Secondary Prevention===


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:Electrolyte disturbance]]
 
[[Category:Nephrology]]
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[[Category:Blood tests]]
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[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category: (name of the system)]]
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]

Revision as of 20:10, 31 January 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Hereditary pancreatitis from Other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

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