UBAP1: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox_gene}}
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'''Ubiquitin-associated protein 1''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''UBAP1'' [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: UBAP1 ubiquitin associated protein 1| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=51271| accessdate = }}</ref>
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{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_UBAP1_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1wgn.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1wgn}}
| Name = Ubiquitin associated protein 1
| HGNCid = 12461
| Symbol = UBAP1
| AltSymbols =; MGC119669; MGC8710; NAG20; UAP; UBAP
| OMIM = 609787
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 9554
| MGIid = 2149543
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_UBAP1_46270_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_UBAP1_221490_at_tn.png
| Function =
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}}
| Process =
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 51271
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000165006
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_057609
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_016525
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 9
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 34169003
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 34242520
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q9NZ09
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 67123
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000028437
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_023305
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_075794
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 4
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 41537719
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 41578436
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3TQY7
  }}
}}
'''Ubiquitin associated protein 1''', also known as '''UBAP1''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: UBAP1 ubiquitin associated protein 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=51271| accessdate = }}</ref>


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{{PBB_Summary
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =  
| section_title =  
| summary_text = This gene is a member of the UBA domain family, whose members include proteins having connections to ubiquitin and the ubiquitination pathway. The ubiquitin associated domain is thought to be a non-covalent ubiquitin binding domain consisting of a compact three helix bundle. This particular protein originates from a gene locus in a refined region on chromosome 9 undergoing loss of heterozygosity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Taking into account its cytogenetic location, this UBA domain family member is being studies as a putative target for mutation in nasopharyngeal carcinomas.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: UBAP1 ubiquitin associated protein 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=51271| accessdate = }}</ref>
| summary_text = This gene is a member of the UBA domain family, whose members include proteins having connections to [[ubiquitin]] and the [[ubiquitination]] pathway. The ubiquitin associated domain is thought to be a non-covalent ubiquitin binding domain consisting of a compact three helix bundle. This particular protein originates from a gene locus in a refined region on [[chromosome 9]] undergoing [[loss of heterozygosity]] in [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] (NPC). Taking into account its cytogenetic location, this UBA domain family member is being studies as a putative target for mutation in nasopharyngeal carcinomas.<ref name="entrez" />
}}
}}
==Model organisms==
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" border="1" cellpadding="2" style="float: right;" |
|+ ''Ubap1'' knockout mouse phenotype
|-
! Characteristic!! Phenotype
|-
| [[Homozygote]] viability || bgcolor="#C40000"|Abnormal
|-
| [[Recessive]] lethal study || bgcolor="#C40000"|Abnormal
|-
| Fertility || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| Body weight || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Open Field (animal test)|Anxiety]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| Neurological assessment || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| Grip strength || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Hot plate test|Hot plate]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Dysmorphology]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Indirect calorimetry]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Glucose tolerance test]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Auditory brainstem response]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry|DEXA]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Radiography]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| Body temperature || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| Eye morphology || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Clinical chemistry]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Blood plasma|Plasma]] [[immunoglobulin]]s || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Haematology]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Peripheral blood lymphocyte]]s || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| [[Micronucleus test]] || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| Heart weight || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| Brain histopathology || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal
|-
| ''[[Salmonella]]'' infection || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal<ref name="''Salmonella'' infection">{{cite web |url=http://www.sanger.ac.uk/mouseportal/phenotyping/MACE/salmonella-challenge/ |title=''Salmonella'' infection data for Ubap1 |publisher=Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Citrobacter]]'' infection || bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal<ref name="''Citrobacter'' infection">{{cite web |url=http://www.sanger.ac.uk/mouseportal/phenotyping/MACE/citrobacter-challenge/ |title=''Citrobacter'' infection data for Ubap1 |publisher=Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute}}</ref>
|-
| colspan=2; style="text-align: center;" | All tests and analysis from<ref name="mgp_reference">{{cite journal| doi = 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x| title = The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: High throughput characterisation of knockout mice| year = 2010| author = Gerdin AK| journal = Acta Ophthalmologica| volume = 88| issue = S248 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.sanger.ac.uk/mouseportal/ Mouse Resources Portal], Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.</ref>
|}
[[Model organism]]s have been used in the study of UBAP1 function. A conditional [[knockout mouse]] line, called ''Ubap1<sup>tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi</sup>''<ref name="allele_ref">{{cite web |url=http://www.knockoutmouse.org/martsearch/search?query=Ubap1 |title=International Knockout Mouse Consortium}}</ref><ref name="mgi_allele_ref">{{cite web |url=http://www.informatics.jax.org/searchtool/Search.do?query=MGI:4433059 |title=Mouse Genome Informatics}}</ref> was generated as part of the [[International Knockout Mouse Consortium]] program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists — at the [[Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute]].<ref name="pmid21677750">{{Cite journal
| last1 = Skarnes |first1 =W. C.
| doi = 10.1038/nature10163
| last2 = Rosen | first2 = B.
| last3 = West | first3 = A. P.
| last4 = Koutsourakis | first4 = M.
| last5 = Bushell | first5 = W.
| last6 = Iyer | first6 = V.
| last7 = Mujica | first7 = A. O.
| last8 = Thomas | first8 = M.
| last9 = Harrow | first9 = J.
| last10 = Cox | first10 = T.
| last11 = Jackson | first11 = D.
| last12 = Severin | first12 = J.
| last13 = Biggs | first13 = P.
| last14 = Fu | first14 = J.
| last15 = Nefedov | first15 = M.
| last16 = De Jong | first16 = P. J.
| last17 = Stewart | first17 = A. F.
| last18 = Bradley | first18 = A.
| title = A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function
| journal = Nature
| volume = 474
| issue = 7351
| pages = 337–342
| year = 2011
| pmid = 21677750
| pmc =3572410
}}</ref><ref name="mouse_library">{{cite journal |author=Dolgin E |title=Mouse library set to be knockout |journal=Nature |volume=474 |issue=7351 |pages=262–3 |date=June 2011 |pmid=21677718 |doi=10.1038/474262a }}</ref><ref name="mouse_for_all_reasons">{{cite journal |vauthors=Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W |title=A mouse for all reasons |journal=Cell |volume=128 |issue=1 |pages=9–13 |date=January 2007 |pmid=17218247 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018 }}</ref>
Male and female animals underwent a standardized [[phenotypic screen]] to determine the effects of deletion.<ref name="mgp_reference" /><ref name="pmid21722353">{{cite journal|vauthors=van der Weyden L, White JK, Adams DJ, Logan DW | title=The mouse genetics toolkit: revealing function and mechanism. | journal=Genome Biol | year= 2011 | volume= 12 | issue= 6 | pages= 224 | pmid=21722353 | doi=10.1186/gb-2011-12-6-224  | pmc=3218837}}</ref> Twenty five tests were carried out and two [[phenotypes]] were reported. Fewer [[homozygous]] [[mutant]] embryos were identified during gestation than [[Mendelian ratio|predicted]], and none survived until [[weaning]]. The remaining tests were carried out on [[heterozygous]] mutant adult mice; no significant abnormalities were observed in these animals.<ref name="mgp_reference" />


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}
 
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading  
{{PBB_Further_reading  
| citations =  
| citations =  
*{{cite journal  | author=Maruyama K, Sugano S |title=Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. |journal=Gene |volume=138 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 171-4 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8125298 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Maruyama K, Sugano S |title=Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides |journal=Gene |volume=138 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 171–4 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8125298 |doi=10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, ''et al.'' |title=Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library. |journal=Gene |volume=200 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 149-56 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9373149 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, etal |title=Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library |journal=Gene |volume=200 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 149–56 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9373149 |doi=10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA |title=DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=10 |issue= 11 |pages= 1788-95 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11076863 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA |title=DNA Cloning Using In Vitro Site-Specific Recombination |journal=Genome Res. |volume=10 |issue= 11 |pages= 1788–95 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11076863 |doi=10.1101/gr.143000  | pmc=310948 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, ''et al.'' |title=Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=11 |issue= 3 |pages= 422-35 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11230166 |doi= 10.1101/gr.154701 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, etal |title=Toward a Catalog of Human Genes and Proteins: Sequencing and Analysis of 500 Novel Complete Protein Coding Human cDNAs |journal=Genome Res. |volume=11 |issue= 3 |pages= 422–35 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11230166 |doi= 10.1101/gr.GR1547R  | pmc=311072}}
*{{cite journal | author=Simpson JC, Wellenreuther R, Poustka A, ''et al.'' |title=Systematic subcellular localization of novel proteins identified by large-scale cDNA sequencing. |journal=EMBO Rep. |volume=1 |issue= 3 |pages= 287-92 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11256614 |doi= 10.1093/embo-reports/kvd058 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Simpson JC, Wellenreuther R, Poustka A, etal |title=Systematic subcellular localization of novel proteins identified by large-scale cDNA sequencing |journal=EMBO Rep. |volume=1 |issue= 3 |pages= 287–92 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11256614 |doi= 10.1093/embo-reports/kvd058 | pmc=1083732 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Qian J, Yang J, Zhang X, ''et al.'' |title=Isolation and characterization of a novel cDNA, UBAP1, derived from the tumor suppressor locus in human chromosome 9p21-22. |journal=J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. |volume=127 |issue= 10 |pages= 613-8 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11599797 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Qian J, Yang J, Zhang X, etal |title=Isolation and characterization of a novel cDNA, UBAP1, derived from the tumor suppressor locus in human chromosome 9p21-22 |journal=J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. |volume=127 |issue= 10 |pages= 613–8 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11599797 |doi=10.1007/s004320100252 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Qian J, Zhang XH, Yang JB, ''et al.'' |title=Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Novel Gene, UBAP1, Possibly Involved in Ubiquitin Pathway. |journal= |volume=33 |issue= 2 |pages= 147-152 |year=  |pmid= 12050802 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Qian J, Zhang XH, Yang JB, etal |title=Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Novel Gene, UBAP1, Possibly Involved in Ubiquitin Pathway |journal= Sheng wu hua xue yu sheng wu wu li xue bao [[Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica]]|volume=33 |issue= 2 |pages= 147–152 |year=  2001|pmid= 12050802 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Qian J, Zhang XM, Li XL, ''et al.'' |title=[Identification of digital differential expression patterns of a novel human gene (UBAP1) by an expressed sequence tag strategy] |journal=Ai Zheng |volume=21 |issue= 3 |pages= 225-8 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12451983 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Qian J, Zhang XM, Li XL, etal |title=[Identification of digital differential expression patterns of a novel human gene (UBAP1) by an expressed sequence tag strategy] |journal=Ai Zheng |volume=21 |issue= 3 |pages= 225–8 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12451983 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, ''et al.'' |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40-5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, etal |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40–5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Humphray SJ, Oliver K, Hunt AR, ''et al.'' |title=DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9. |journal=Nature |volume=429 |issue= 6990 |pages= 369-74 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15164053 |doi= 10.1038/nature02465 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Humphray SJ, Oliver K, Hunt AR, etal |title=DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9 |journal=Nature |volume=429 |issue= 6990 |pages= 369–74 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15164053 |doi= 10.1038/nature02465 | pmc=2734081 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal |title=The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 | pmc=528928 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wiemann S, Arlt D, Huber W, ''et al.'' |title=From ORFeome to biology: a functional genomics pipeline. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2136-44 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489336 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2576704 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Wiemann S, Arlt D, Huber W, etal |title=From ORFeome to Biology: A Functional Genomics Pipeline |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2136–44 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489336 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2576704 | pmc=528930 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Xiao B, Fan S, Zeng Z, ''et al.'' |title=Purification of novel UBAP1 protein and its decreased expression on nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue microarray. |journal=Protein Expr. Purif. |volume=47 |issue= 1 |pages= 60-7 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16226037 |doi= 10.1016/j.pep.2005.08.026 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Xiao B, Fan S, Zeng Z, etal |title=Purification of novel UBAP1 protein and its decreased expression on nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue microarray |journal=Protein Expr. Purif. |volume=47 |issue= 1 |pages= 60–7 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16226037 |doi= 10.1016/j.pep.2005.08.026 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Mehrle A, Rosenfelder H, Schupp I, ''et al.'' |title=The LIFEdb database in 2006. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=34 |issue= Database issue |pages= D415-8 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16381901 |doi= 10.1093/nar/gkj139 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Mehrle A, Rosenfelder H, Schupp I, etal |title=The LIFEdb database in 2006 |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=34 |issue= Database issue |pages= D415–8 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16381901 |doi= 10.1093/nar/gkj139 | pmc=1347501 }}
}}
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{{refend}}
{{refend}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=51271}}
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{{protein-stub}}
[[Category:Genes mutated in mice]]
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Revision as of 09:30, 17 September 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Ubiquitin-associated protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBAP1 gene.[1]

This gene is a member of the UBA domain family, whose members include proteins having connections to ubiquitin and the ubiquitination pathway. The ubiquitin associated domain is thought to be a non-covalent ubiquitin binding domain consisting of a compact three helix bundle. This particular protein originates from a gene locus in a refined region on chromosome 9 undergoing loss of heterozygosity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Taking into account its cytogenetic location, this UBA domain family member is being studies as a putative target for mutation in nasopharyngeal carcinomas.[1]

Model organisms

Model organisms have been used in the study of UBAP1 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Ubap1tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi[6][7] was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists — at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.[8][9][10]

Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion.[4][11] Twenty five tests were carried out and two phenotypes were reported. Fewer homozygous mutant embryos were identified during gestation than predicted, and none survived until weaning. The remaining tests were carried out on heterozygous mutant adult mice; no significant abnormalities were observed in these animals.[4]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: UBAP1 ubiquitin associated protein 1".
  2. ↑ "Salmonella infection data for Ubap1". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
  3. ↑ "Citrobacter infection data for Ubap1". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Gerdin AK (2010). "The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: High throughput characterisation of knockout mice". Acta Ophthalmologica. 88 (S248). doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x.
  5. ↑ Mouse Resources Portal, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
  6. ↑ "International Knockout Mouse Consortium".
  7. ↑ "Mouse Genome Informatics".
  8. ↑ Skarnes, W. C.; Rosen, B.; West, A. P.; Koutsourakis, M.; Bushell, W.; Iyer, V.; Mujica, A. O.; Thomas, M.; Harrow, J.; Cox, T.; Jackson, D.; Severin, J.; Biggs, P.; Fu, J.; Nefedov, M.; De Jong, P. J.; Stewart, A. F.; Bradley, A. (2011). "A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function". Nature. 474 (7351): 337–342. doi:10.1038/nature10163. PMC 3572410. PMID 21677750.
  9. ↑ Dolgin E (June 2011). "Mouse library set to be knockout". Nature. 474 (7351): 262–3. doi:10.1038/474262a. PMID 21677718.
  10. ↑ Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (January 2007). "A mouse for all reasons". Cell. 128 (1): 9–13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. PMID 17218247.
  11. ↑ van der Weyden L, White JK, Adams DJ, Logan DW (2011). "The mouse genetics toolkit: revealing function and mechanism". Genome Biol. 12 (6): 224. doi:10.1186/gb-2011-12-6-224. PMC 3218837. PMID 21722353.

Further reading

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