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| __NOTOC__
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| {{SI}}
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| {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Sahar}}
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| ==Overview==
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| Chronic epileptic episodes and the subsequent catecholamine surges and hypoxia events may affect the heart and coronary vessels and result in the dysfunction of the heart, this condition has known as the epileptic heart. This concept first described by Dr. Richard L. Verrier and his colleagues in 2020.
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| ==Historical Perspective==
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| * The Absence of [[cardiac]] activity during [[epilepsy]], first described by Dr. A.E.Russell, an English physician, in 1906.<ref name="Russell1906">{{cite journal|last1=Russell|first1=A.E.|title=CESSATION OF THE PULSE DURING THE ONSET OF EPILEPTIC FITS,|journal=The Lancet|volume=168|issue=4325|year=1906|pages=152–154|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(01)30477-4}}</ref>
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| *The epileptic heart was first discribed by Dr. Richard L. Verrier and his colleagues, in 2020.<ref name="VerrierPang2020">{{cite journal|last1=Verrier|first1=Richard L.|last2=Pang|first2=Trudy D.|last3=Nearing|first3=Bruce D.|last4=Schachter|first4=Steven C.|title=The Epileptic Heart: Concept and clinical evidence|journal=Epilepsy & Behavior|volume=105|year=2020|pages=106946|issn=15255050|doi=10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.106946}}</ref>
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| ==Pathophysiology==
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| The exact mechanisms involved in the epileptic heart is still should be elucidated. However, the algorithm below provides beneficial information on the development of heart disease in the context of epilepsy.<ref name="VerrierSchachter2018">{{cite journal|last1=Verrier|first1=Richard L.|last2=Schachter|first2=Steven C.|title=Is heart disease in chronic epilepsy a consequence of seizures or a fellow traveler?|journal=Epilepsy & Behavior|volume=86|year=2018|pages=211–213|issn=15255050|doi=10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.06.027}}</ref>
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| {{familytree/start}}
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| {{familytree | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | |A01=[[Epilepsy]]}}
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| {{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | }}
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| {{familytree | | | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | |B01=[[Cardiac]] effects}}
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| {{familytree | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}
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| {{familytree | | C01 | | | | | | | | | | | | C03 |C01=Repeated [[hypoxia]] and subsequent [[myocardial ischemia]]|C03=Cathecholamines-induced cardiotoxicity}}
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| {{familytree | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
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| {{familytree | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|(| | | }}
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| {{familytree | | |!| | | | | | |!| | | | | | |!| | | }}
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| {{familytree | | D01 | | | | | D03 | | | | | D05 |D01=Accelerated [[atherosclerosis]]|D03=[[Myocardial]] stunning|D05=Vacuolization of myocytes and [[fibrosis]]}}
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| {{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | }}
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| {{familytree | | | | | | | | | E01 | | | | | | | |E01=<div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 20; padding:1em;"> '''<span style="color:navy;">Epileptic Heart</span>'''<br>
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| ----
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| <span style="color:navy;">❑ </span> <span style="color:navy;">Instability in [[cardiac]] electrical system </span> <br> <span style="color:navy;">❑</span> <span style="color:navy;">T wave alternans</span> </div>}}
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| {{familytree/end}}
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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