Failure to thrive causes: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Homa Najafi (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{Akash}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{Akash}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Causes of failure to thrive are mainly organic and non-organic. Organic causes are further divided into inadequate calorie intake, inadequate calories absorption and increased calorie expenditure. | |||
==Causes== | |||
*The most common cause of failure to thrive is inadequate calorie intake. <ref name="pmid28790712">{{cite journal| author=Venkateshwar V, Raghu Raman TS| title=FAILURE TO THRIVE. | journal=Med J Armed Forces India | year= 2000 | volume= 56 | issue= 3 | pages= 219-224 | pmid=28790712 | doi=10.1016/S0377-1237(17)30171-5 | pmc=5532051 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28790712 }} </ref> | |||
*Causes can broadly be divided into organic and non-organic causes. <ref name="pmid8298353">{{cite journal| author=Marcovitch H| title=Failure to thrive. | journal=BMJ | year= 1994 | volume= 308 | issue= 6920 | pages= 35-8 | pmid=8298353 | doi=10.1136/bmj.308.6920.35 | pmc=2539114 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8298353 }} </ref> | |||
*Non Organic include | |||
#Social, psychological, and environmental factors | |||
#Non accidental trauma – subdural hematoma | |||
#Low socioeconomic status | |||
#Child neglect, abuse, and poor parent-child interaction | |||
#Poverty | |||
#Poorly educated parents | |||
*Organic causes can further be subdivided into; <ref name="pmid27353148">{{cite journal| author=Goh LH, How CH, Ng KH| title=Failure to thrive in babies and toddlers. | journal=Singapore Med J | year= 2016 | volume= 57 | issue= 6 | pages= 287-91 | pmid=27353148 | doi=10.11622/smedj.2016102 | pmc=4971446 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27353148 }} </ref><ref name="pmid13678136">{{cite journal| author=Krugman SD, Dubowitz H| title=Failure to thrive. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2003 | volume= 68 | issue= 5 | pages= 879-84 | pmid=13678136 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13678136 }} </ref> | |||
<ref name="pmid22025919">{{cite journal| author=Jeong SJ| title=Nutritional approach to failure to thrive. | journal=Korean J Pediatr | year= 2011 | volume= 54 | issue= 7 | pages= 277-81 | pmid=22025919 | doi=10.3345/kjp.2011.54.7.277 | pmc=3195791 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22025919 }} </ref> | |||
*#Inadequate caloric intake | |||
*#Excessive calorie expenditure {{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459287/ |title=Failure To Thrive - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf |format= |work= |accessdate=}} | |||
*#Inadequate calorie absorption {{cite web |url=https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0815/p295.html |title=Failure to Thrive: A Practical Guide - American Family Physician |format= |work= |accessdate=}} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ | |||
! Inadequate calorie intake | |||
! Excessive calorie expenditure | |||
! Inadequate calorie absorption | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
#Poverty and inadequate food storage | |||
#Feeding difficulties- poor infant feeding technique, improperly reconstituted formula, uninhibited access to high calorie food, behavioral problems related to feeding | |||
#Inadequate breast milk production, breastfeeding failure, errors in artificial feeding, poor latch/suck strength | |||
#Mechanical or structural problems with swallowing; cleft lip, cleft palate, neuromuscular disease, motor neuron disease | |||
#Prenatal insult – worsening of prematurity or intrauterine growth restriction | |||
#Erratic diets – unorthodox beliefs, Munchausen syndrome by proxy | |||
#Systemic diseases causing decreased appetite, anorexia, and food refusal. | |||
| | |||
#Chromosomal conditions – trisomy 13,trisomy 18, trisomy 21, Turner’s syndrome | |||
#Congenital heart disease – cyanotic and non-cyanotic heart diseases. | |||
#Teratogenic exposures – anti-epileptics, tetracyclines | |||
#Endocrine dysfunction – growth hormone deficiency, type 1 Diabetes mellitus | |||
#Cirrhosis of liver | |||
#Chronic respiratory illness, intrauterine infections | |||
#Malignancy | |||
#Thyroid dysfunction | |||
#Renal tubular acidosis, Renal failure | |||
#Increased Intracranial pressure | |||
#Immunodficiency syndrome causing recurrent infections, e.g. HIV | |||
| | |||
#Bowel obstruction - Ladd bands, paralytic ileus, small intestinal bowel obstruction | |||
#Necrotizing enterocolitis /Short bowel syndrome | |||
#Pyloric stenosis | |||
#Gastro-esophagal reflux disease | |||
#Cystic fibrosis | |||
#Pancreatic insufficiency | |||
Malabsorption | |||
#Pancreatic insufficiency, | |||
#Celiac disease | |||
#Giardiasis | |||
#Inflammatory bowel disease | |||
#Inborn errors of metabolism – amino acid disorders, lysosomal storage diseases | |||
#Enzyme deficiencies | |||
#Biliary atresia | |||
#Cow’s milk protein allergy | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==References== | ==References== |
Revision as of 13:15, 13 September 2020
Failure to thrive Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
---|
Treatment |
Case Studies |
Failure to thrive causes On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Failure to thrive causes |
Risk calculators and risk factors for Failure to thrive causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Akash Daswaney, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Causes of failure to thrive are mainly organic and non-organic. Organic causes are further divided into inadequate calorie intake, inadequate calories absorption and increased calorie expenditure.
Causes
- The most common cause of failure to thrive is inadequate calorie intake. [1]
- Causes can broadly be divided into organic and non-organic causes. [2]
- Non Organic include
- Social, psychological, and environmental factors
- Non accidental trauma – subdural hematoma
- Low socioeconomic status
- Child neglect, abuse, and poor parent-child interaction
- Poverty
- Poorly educated parents
- Inadequate caloric intake
- Excessive calorie expenditure "Failure To Thrive - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf".
- Inadequate calorie absorption "Failure to Thrive: A Practical Guide - American Family Physician".
Inadequate calorie intake | Excessive calorie expenditure | Inadequate calorie absorption |
---|---|---|
|
|
Malabsorption
|
References
- ↑ Venkateshwar V, Raghu Raman TS (2000). "FAILURE TO THRIVE". Med J Armed Forces India. 56 (3): 219–224. doi:10.1016/S0377-1237(17)30171-5. PMC 5532051. PMID 28790712.
- ↑ Marcovitch H (1994). "Failure to thrive". BMJ. 308 (6920): 35–8. doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6920.35. PMC 2539114. PMID 8298353.
- ↑ Goh LH, How CH, Ng KH (2016). "Failure to thrive in babies and toddlers". Singapore Med J. 57 (6): 287–91. doi:10.11622/smedj.2016102. PMC 4971446. PMID 27353148.
- ↑ Krugman SD, Dubowitz H (2003). "Failure to thrive". Am Fam Physician. 68 (5): 879–84. PMID 13678136.
- ↑ Jeong SJ (2011). "Nutritional approach to failure to thrive". Korean J Pediatr. 54 (7): 277–81. doi:10.3345/kjp.2011.54.7.277. PMC 3195791. PMID 22025919.