Lymphadenopathy resident survival guide: Difference between revisions
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===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
* [[ | The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) and many research articles utilize a pneumonic '''CHICAGO''' to include all causes of [[lymphadenopathy]] based on etiology.<ref name="urlTips From Other Journals - American Family Physician">{{cite web |url=https://www.aafp.org/afp/2001/0101/p138.html#:~:text=The%20authors%20provide%20an%20acronym,lymphadenopathy%20(see%20Table%201). |title=Tips From Other Journals - American Family Physician |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10907389">{{cite journal |vauthors=Habermann TM, Steensma DP |title=Lymphadenopathy |journal=Mayo Clin. Proc. |volume=75 |issue=7 |pages=723–32 |date=July 2000 |pmid=10907389 |doi=10.4065/75.7.723 |url=}}</ref> The causes may also be remembered based on the location of [[lymph nodes]]. | ||
* [[ | * '''C'''ancers: | ||
* [[ | ** Hematologic: [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]], [[non-Hodgkins lymphoma]], [[leukemia]] ([[acute]]/ [[chronic]]), [[multiple myeloma]], [[mastocytosis]], [[waldenstrom macroglobulinemia]]. | ||
* [[ | **[[Metastasis]]: [[Breast cancer]], [[gastric cancer]], [[liver cancer]], [[renal cancer]], [[lung cancer]], and [[prostate cancer]]. | ||
* [[ | * '''H'''ypersensitivity : | ||
** [[Serum sickness]], [[immunization]] reactions, [[graft-vs-host disease]], [[silicone]] allergy, and [[drug allergy]] (such as [[sulfonamides]], [[allopurinol]], [[carbamazepine]], etc). | |||
* '''I'''nfections: | |||
** Fungal, Protozoan, Rickettsial (Typhus), Helminthes. | |||
** Bacterial: [[Tiberculosis]], [[syphilis]] (primary and secondary), [[chancroid]], [[staphylococcus]] or [[streptococcus|streptococcal]] skin [[infections]]. | |||
** Viral: [[infectious mononucleosis|IM]], [[cytomegalovirus|CMV]], [[HIV]],[[lymphadenitis]] post [[vaccination]], [[adenovirus]], [[herpes zoster]], and [[hepatitis]] (infectious), and [[melioidosis]]. | |||
** Chlamydial ([[lymphogranuloma venereum]]), protozoan ([[toxoplasmosis]]), mycotic ([[histoplasmosis]], [[coccidioidomycosis]], helminthic ([[filariasis]], and rickettsial ([[typhus]]). | |||
* '''C'''onnective tissue disorders: | |||
**[[Systemic lupus erythematosus|SLE]], [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[dermatomyositis]], [[sjogren's syndrome]], [[ mixed connective tissue disease]]. | |||
* '''A'''typical [[lymphoproliferative disorders]] : | |||
** [[Granulomatosis with polyangiitis]], [[Castleman's disease]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis]], [[angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma]], [[lymphomatoid granulomatosis]], and [[angiocentric immunoproliferative disorder]]. | |||
* '''G'''ranulomatous: | |||
** [[Cryptococcosis]], [[histoplasmosis]], [[berylliosis]], [[cat scratch disease]], [[silicosis]], [[Mycobacterium|mycobacterial infection]]. | |||
* '''O'''thers: | |||
** [[Rosai Dorfman disease]], [[Kikuchi disease]], pseudotumor of [[Lymph nodes|L.N]], transformation of [[germinal centers]], and [[vascular]] transformation of [[sinuses]]. | |||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Revision as of 20:19, 21 August 2020
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: , Javaria Anwer M.D.[2]
Overview
Lymphadenopathy (LAD) is used to describe abnormal size, consistency, and the number of lymph nodes. Under normal conditions, lymph nodes may not be palpated. The lymph nodes maybe central or peripheral located deep in the subcutaneous tissue. Common causes of lymphadenopathy include infectious and non-infectious. A thorough physical exam is important to establish a differential diagnosis.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) and many research articles utilize a pneumonic CHICAGO to include all causes of lymphadenopathy based on etiology.[1][2] The causes may also be remembered based on the location of lymph nodes.
- Cancers:
- Hypersensitivity :
- Serum sickness, immunization reactions, graft-vs-host disease, silicone allergy, and drug allergy (such as sulfonamides, allopurinol, carbamazepine, etc).
- Infections:
- Fungal, Protozoan, Rickettsial (Typhus), Helminthes.
- Bacterial: Tiberculosis, syphilis (primary and secondary), chancroid, staphylococcus or streptococcal skin infections.
- Viral: IM, CMV, HIV,lymphadenitis post vaccination, adenovirus, herpes zoster, and hepatitis (infectious), and melioidosis.
- Chlamydial (lymphogranuloma venereum), protozoan (toxoplasmosis), mycotic (histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, helminthic (filariasis, and rickettsial (typhus).
- Connective tissue disorders:
- Atypical lymphoproliferative disorders :
- Granulomatous:
- Others:
- Rosai Dorfman disease, Kikuchi disease, pseudotumor of L.N, transformation of germinal centers, and vascular transformation of sinuses.
Diagnosis
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
Treatment
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
Do's
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
Don'ts
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
References
- ↑ "Tips From Other Journals - American Family Physician".
- ↑ Habermann TM, Steensma DP (July 2000). "Lymphadenopathy". Mayo Clin. Proc. 75 (7): 723–32. doi:10.4065/75.7.723. PMID 10907389.